Introduction to Science and Its Fields
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of the Neolithic Revolution?

  • It marked the beginning of trade between civilizations.
  • It led to the establishment of the first city-states.
  • It resulted in the birth of agriculture. (correct)
  • It was the first period of industrial development.

    • Which invention is credited to Johannes Gutenberg during the Middle Ages?

  • The printing press (correct)
  • The steam engine
  • The compass
  • The telescope

    • Which of the following is the world's oldest known sundial's origin?

  • Mesopotamia
  • Egypt (correct)
  • Greece
  • China

    • What characterized the Age of Industrialization, specifically the 1st Industrial Revolution?

    <p>The emergence of mechanization replacing agriculture with industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the notable features of the Middle Ages as described?

    <p>It was known as the 'very great depression'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the most influential geographer and astronomer of the geocentric model?

    <p>Claudius Ptolemy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concept of heliocentrism?

    <p>Sun is the center of the solar system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas Kuhn, what characterizes a paradigm shift?

    <p>A complete overhaul of scientific understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inventions is attributed to Leonardo daVinci?

    <p>Ornithopter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which civilization is known for developing the compass?

    <p>Chinese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily studied in social science?

    <p>Human society and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major field of science?

    <p>Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in the scientific method?

    <p>Identifying the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a part of abstract science?

    <p>Geometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In philosophy, what does epistemology study?

    <p>Concepts of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is primarily concerned with the statistical study of human populations?

    <p>Demography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the field of logic primarily focus on?

    <p>Correct reasoning and thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical branch analyzes the concept of beauty?

    <p>Aesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role does the 1987 constitution of the Philippines assign to science and technology?

    <p>It acknowledges their importance for national development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Section 11, what incentives may Congress provide to encourage private participation in scientific research?

    <p>Tax deductions and scholarships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Harmonized National R&D Agenda (HNRDA) 2017-2022?

    <p>Geared towards maximizing economic and social benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the constitution protects the rights of scientists and inventors in relation to their intellectual property?

    <p>Section 13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Section 12 of the Philippine constitution promote?

    <p>The adaptation and transfer of technology for national benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'human flourishing' refer to in the context of science and technology?

    <p>The ability to sustain function and survival in an environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative aligns with the long-term development goals outlined in 'AmBisyon Natin 2040'?

    <p>Promoting science and technology for community growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of the state's responsibility regarding science and technology as per the constitution?

    <p>Support indigenous and self-reliant scientific capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Science and Technology Information Institute (STII)?

    <p>Disseminate science and technology information to the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is responsible for creating health policies and regulations in the Philippines?

    <p>Department of Health (DOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Technical Education and Skills Center (TESDA)?

    <p>Offering technical training and supporting employment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations promotes sustainable farming practices?

    <p>International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Congressional Commission on Science, Technology and Engineering (COMSTE) do?

    <p>Pass laws related to science and technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization's primary task is to enhance public understanding of science and technology?

    <p>Science and Technology Information Institute (STII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law is associated with the establishment of the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)?

    <p>R.A 7796</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)?

    <p>Monitor prices and quality checks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Science

    • Definition: A systematized body of knowledge gained through experimentation.
    • Formal Activity: Creates and accumulates knowledge by directly confronting the natural world.
    • Scientific Method: Observing, identifying problems, forming hypotheses, experimentation, and drawing conclusions.

    Major Fields of Science

    Social Science

    • Focus: The study of human society and behavior.
    • Disciplines: History, Psychology, Sociology, and Demography.
    • History: Studies past events through records and evidence.
    • Psychology: Investigates the mind and behavior of individuals and groups.
    • Sociology: Analyzes social life, change, and the causes and consequences of human behavior.
    • Demography: Statistically studies human populations, including birth and death rates.

    Abstract Science

    • Focus: Theoretical models and concepts rather than direct observation.
    • Disciplines: Computer Science, Geometry, Logistics, Mathematics, and Logic.
    • Logic: The science and art of correct thinking, derived from the Greek word "logos" meaning study, reason, or discourse.
    • Philosophy: Studies the theoretical basis of values, reality, beauty, and knowledge.
      • Ethics: Defines what is of value.
      • Metaphysics: Explores what is real.
      • Aesthetics: Examines what is beautiful.
      • Epistemology: Investigates how we know.
      • Logic: Focuses on reasoning.
      • Political Philosophy: Examines how societies should be governed.

    Historical Antecedents

    • Olmec Civilization: Located in New Zealand, known for its giant/colossal heads.
    • Neolithic Revolution: Marked by the development of agriculture, leading to a significant change in human societies.
    • Ancient Chinese Innovations:
      • Lunar Calendar: Used in China.
      • Abacus: A tool for calculation.
      • Fireworks: Developed in China.
    • The Bronze Seated Buddha: Located in Thailand.
    • World's Oldest Sundial: Created in Egypt.
    • 2 Wheel Mesopotamian Chariot: The first form of chariot.

    Middle Ages/Medieval

    • Characterized as the "Very Great Depression"
    • Cold War: Europe lacked a strong economy.
    • Popularized by Technology: The Printing Press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg (14th Century).

    Renaissance

    • Revival/Rebirth: Europe's economy experienced a resurgence.

    Scientific Revolution

    • Paradigm Shift: Scientific findings contradicted established theories, leading to major transformations in scientific understanding.

    Age of Industrialization

    • First Industrial Revolution (1765): Mechanization replaced agriculture as the primary economic activity.

    Geocentricism

    • The Earth is the center of the universe.
    • Claudius Ptolemy (85 AD - 165 AD): Influential geographer and astronomer.
    • Aristotle: Influential philosopher.

    Heliocentricism

    • The Sun is the center of the solar system.
    • Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543): A priest and mathematician.

    Key Players in the History of Technology

    Egyptians

    • Smelting Copper: Pioneered the Bronze Age.
    • Pyramids: Significant architectural achievements.
    • Hero of Alexandria: Notable inventor.
    • Plow: A revolutionary invention for agriculture.

    Chinese

    • Great Wall: A monumental construction project.
    • Abacus: A tool for calculation.
    • Paper (Made by Cai Lun): Developed in 100 AD.
    • Moveable Type: A printing innovation.
    • Gunpowder: A significant invention.
    • ** Mechanical Clock (First Sung Water Clock):** Advanced timekeeping.
    • Compass: A navigational tool.

    Greeks

    • Architecture: Renowned for their architectural styles.
    • Ptolemy: Influential geographer and astronomer.
    • Aristotle: Influential philosopher.

    Renaissance

    • Leonardo da Vinci:
      • Known for his inventions, including siege defenses, a war scythe, a multi-barrel gun, an ornithopter, a tank, a helicopter, and an airplane wing.
      • Famous quote: "Tell me if anything is ever done."

    Philippine Science and Technology (S&T) Institutions and Agencies

    • Department of Science and Technology (DOST):
      • Leads in research and development initiatives for socioeconomic benefits.
      • Developed the Harmonized National R&D Agenda (HNRDA) 2017-2022.
    • Philippine Council of Health and Research Development (PCHRD):
      • Focuses on health research.
    • Science and Technology Information Institute (STII):
      • Manages and disseminates science and technology information through publications, libraries, and outreach programs.
    • Department of Health (DOH):
      • Creates health policies that incorporate scientific and technological advancements.
    • Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA):
      • Offers technical training, skills development, and certification.
    • International Rice Research Institute (IRRI):
      • Dedicated to improving rice production and supporting sustainable farming practices.
    • Congressional Commission on Science, Technology and Engineering (COMSTE):
      • Serves as the legislative arm for science and technology.
    • Department of Trade and Industry (DTI):
      • Monitors prices, product quality, business permits, and registration.
    • Commission on Higher Education (CHED):
      • Regulates higher education institutions, including science and technology programs.
    • The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA):
      • Sets economic and development policy and plans.

    Science and Technology in Philippine Nation Building

    • S&T's Importance: Crucial for addressing national and international development issues and sustaining a strong nation.
    • Government Focus: Prioritized S&T initiatives since the 1980s.
    • 1987 Constitution, Article XIV: Acknowledges the importance of S&T.
      • Section 10: Emphasizes the need for research and development (R&D), innovation, and the support of indigenous scientific and technological capabilities.
      • Section 11: Encourages private participation in R&D through incentives and funding.
      • Section 12: Promotes technology transfer and adaptation for national benefit and encourages involvement of private groups, local governments, and community-based organizations.
      • Section 13: Protects the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, and artists to their intellectual property.
    • Harmonized National R&D Agenda (HNRDA) 2017-2022: Ensures that S&T endeavors benefit the people economically and socially.
    • AmBisyon Natin 2040: National development plan with the core values of "Malasakit" (compassion), "Pagbabago" (change), and "Kaunlaran" (progress).

    Human Flourishing in Terms of Science and Technology

    • Human Being: Endowed with innate abilities and characteristics that enable survival and function in the environment.
    • Human Flourishing: The pursuit of living a meaningful life, guided by values and virtues.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the definition of science, its methods, and major fields, including social sciences and abstract sciences. Test your knowledge on key disciplines such as psychology, sociology, computer science, and more. Challenge yourself to understand the systematic study of various scientific concepts.

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