Introduction to Rhetoric Notes

Definition and Purpose of Rhetoric

• Rhetoric is defined as the ability to identify and utilize available means of persuasion in specific situations.
• It facilitates communication, allowing the exchange of diverse opinions and resolution of conflicts without confrontation.
• Primarily serves as a tool for convincing or persuading an audience.

Rhetoric in Texts

• Rhetoric can be present in various texts, requiring readers to analyze beyond surface meanings.
• Effective communication necessitates understanding how rhetoric functions and its proper usage.

Case Study: Lou Gehrig's Speech

• Lou Gehrig delivered a poignant speech during Appreciation Day in 1939 after his ALS diagnosis.
• His rhetoric was impactful, resonating with the audience due to its sincere and relatable nature.

Importance of Occasion and Context

• The occasion, referring to the time and place of delivery, significantly influences the effectiveness of rhetoric.
• Context encompasses the surrounding circumstances, attitudes, and events that shape the understanding of the text.

Purpose and Message

• The purpose of a text is the author's intended goal or message.
• In Gehrig’s case, he aimed to express gratitude to fans and teammates while showcasing his resilient attitude in the face of adversity.
• He referred to his diagnosis as a “bad break,” highlighting his positive outlook.

The Rhetorical Triangle

• A key element of rhetoric is the relationship between the speaker, audience, and subject, collectively known as the rhetorical triangle.
• The speaker is the individual or group responsible for creating the text.

Speaker and Persona

• A speaker's identity is often detailed in the context but may differ from their actual persona, which is how they present themselves in the text.
• The audience includes all listeners, readers, or viewers, and can consist of multiple groups.

Audience Considerations

• Speakers consider the values of their audience when making rhetorical choices to enhance effectiveness.

Distinction Between Subject and Purpose

• The subject of a text refers to its main topic, whereas the purpose is the specific message or goal the speaker intends to convey.