Introduction to Rhetoric and Persuasion
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Questions and Answers

Provide a 3-word definition of advertising.

Paid, non-personal promotion

What is the Socratic method rooted in?

Questioning

Which of the following are considered elements of persuasion?

  • Telos (correct)
  • Kairos (correct)
  • Logos (correct)
  • Pathos (correct)
  • Ethos (correct)
  • How did Sophists differ from Aristotelians?

    <p>Sophists focused on rhetoric and persuasion techniques, while Aristotelians emphasized logic and reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is utilitarianism?

    <p>A philosophy that seeks to maximize overall happiness or well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a norm?

    <p>A standard of behavior or belief that is considered typical or expected within a group or society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core notion of accessibility theory?

    <p>The ease with which information can be retrieved from memory affects its influence on our judgments and decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primacy and recency refer to what in messaging strategy?

    <p>The order in which arguments are presented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considered compliance-gaining tactics?

    <p>That's-not-all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a communication campaign, according to the text?

    <p>A planned series of communication activities that are designed to achieve a specific goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are social norms campaigns particularly impactful?

    <p>When there is a mismatch between perceived norms and actual norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a stage model, as described in the text?

    <p>A model that describes the stages a person goes through when adopting a new behavior or belief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inoculation theory, and what is its 'dose'?

    <p>Inoculation theory is about building resistance to persuasive messages by exposing people to weakened versions of the opposing argument. The 'dose' refers to the amount of counter-argument exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are elements of the Social Judgment Theory?

    <p>Ego-involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between injunctive norms and descriptive norms?

    <p>Injunctive norms refer to what people <em>should</em> do, while descriptive norms refer to what people <em>actually</em> do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main components of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) for fear appeals?

    <p>Threat information (perceived severity and susceptibility) and efficacy information (response efficacy and self-efficacy).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of change in the Precede-Proceed Model (PCPAM)?

    <p>The stages of change are Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might Cognitive Dissonance Theory explain positive views toward a group that someone had to go through grueling or embarrassing rituals to join?

    <p>The grueling rituals create dissonance between the person's positive view of the group and their negative experience. To reduce dissonance, they may rationalize the rituals and increase their commitment to the group, emphasizing its value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might hypocrisy induction not work?

    <p>When the person does not believe they have the ability to change their behavior or when they believe that the behaviors are justified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main routes of processing information according to the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

    <p>Central route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is product placement?

    <p>The strategic placement of branded products in entertainment media, such as movies, TV shows, or video games.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acquiescence?

    <p>The tendency to agree with statements or questions, even if one does not fully agree or understand them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social desirability?

    <p>The tendency to respond in a way that makes oneself look good or socially acceptable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transportation refer to in communication?

    <p>Transportation refers to the degree to which a person feels immersed in a message, such as a story or a narrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 3-word definition of advertising?

    <p>Paid, non-personal, promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five canons of rhetoric?

    <p>Telos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'primacy vs recency' refer to in messaging strategy?

    <p>The order in which arguments are presented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a compliance-gaining tactic?

    <p>Low-balling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'mere exposure'?

    <p>The more we are exposed to something, the more we like it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'wear-out'?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a communication campaign?

    <p>A series of coordinated messages designed to achieve a specific communication goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a stage model (from the text)?

    <p>A model that describes the stages of a persuasive campaign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea behind Inoculation Theory?

    <p>People who are exposed to a weak form of an argument are less likely to be persuaded by stronger forms of the argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of fallacy?

    <p>Genetic fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of predatory persuasion?

    <p>Seduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic elements of Social Judgment Theory?

    <p>Latitude of acceptance, latitude of rejection, latitude of non-commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between injunctive and descriptive norms?

    <p>Injunctive norms refer to what people should do, while descriptive norms refer to what people actually do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM)?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage in the Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)?

    <p>Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Cognitive Dissonance Theory explain positive views toward a group that one had to go through grueling or embarrassing rituals to join?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will hypocrisy induction NOT work?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce dissonance?

    <p>Ignore the inconsistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two routes in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

    <p>Central route and peripheral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 'readiness to act' in the Transtheoretical Model?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Propaganda

    • Propaganda is a form of communication aimed at influencing public opinion or behavior.

    Persuasion vs. Coercion

    • Persuasion involves influencing a person's attitude or behavior through reasoning and argumentation, without threat or force.
    • Coercion involves influencing an individual's behavior or actions through force, pressure, or threats.

    3-Word Definition of Advertising

    • (No definition provided)

    Socratic Method Roots

    • The Socratic Method is rooted in questioning and dialogue.

    Ethos, Pathos, Logos, Kairos, Telos

    • These are rhetorical appeals:
      • Ethos: Appeal to credibility or character.
      • Pathos: Appeal to emotion.
      • Logos: Appeal to logic or reason.
      • Kairos: Appeal to the right time and place.
      • Telos: Desired outcome or purpose.

    Sophists vs. Aristotelians

    • Sophists focused on persuasive rhetoric, often viewed as manipulative.
    • Aristotelians focused on ethical and logical reasoning in rhetoric.

    Utilitarianism

    • Utilitarianism is a philosophy that emphasizes maximizing overall happiness or well-being.

    Categories of Fallacies

    • (No fallacies listed)

    Norm

    • A norm is a standard of behavior or belief considered typical or acceptable in a given society.

    Accessibility

    • Accessibility refers to how easily something (information, idea, etc.) can be recalled or accessed by an individual.

    Theory of Planned Behavior/Reasoned Action Model

    • Predicts behavior based on attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

    Forced Teaming & Unsolicited Promise (Predatory Persuasion)

    • These tactics involve manipulative and potentially unethical persuasion methods.

    Credibility & Context

    • Credibility is the believability of a source, which is affected by context.

    Need for Cognition

    • Refers to an individual's enjoyment and tendency to engage in effortful thought processes.

    Accessibility Theory (Core Notion)

    • Accessibility implies easy recall of information, impacting persuasion.

    Primacy vs. Recency (Messaging)

    • Primacy effect: Initial information is more influential, recency effect: recent information is more influential for persuasion strategies.

    Compliance-Gaining Tactics

    • Foot-in-the-door, door-in-the-face, dump-and-chase, that's-not-all are tactics for persuasion.

    Mere Exposure

    • Repeated exposure to something can increase liking of it.

    Wear-out

    • Overexposure to something leads to boredom/less effect.

    Communication Campaign Description

    • (No campaign description provided)

    Social Norms Campaigns

    • (No details about effectiveness provided)

    Stage Model Definition

    • (No definition given)

    Inoculation Theory

    • Inoculation theory argues that by exposing someone to a weakened form of persuasive argument, it can bolster their resistance to it when they are later confronted with the opposing side.

    Attitudes vs. Beliefs vs. Values

    • Attitudes: Evaluations of something, beliefs: what an individual accepts as true, values: strongly held principles.

    Social Judgment Theory

    • Social Judgment theory explains how messages are evaluated based on a person's frame of reference.

    Injunctive vs. Descriptive Norms

    • Injunctive norms: how people should behave; descriptive norms: what people actually do.

    Fear & Guilt Appeals

    • Appeals to fear or guilt often impact attitudes or behavior.

    EPPM (Extended Parallel Process Model)

    • Uses threat and efficacy information (to reduce fear and inspire action).

    PCPAM (Stages of Change Model)

    • Explains behavior change through stages, focusing on readiness and strategic approaches.

    Cognitive Dissonance

    • Psychological discomfort caused by conflicting beliefs or behaviors.

    Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Group Membership)

    • Joining a group with difficult initiation rituals can lead to greater appreciation and value associated with the group to reduce dissonance.

    Hypocrisy Induction

    • Hypocrisy induction: a strategy designed to prompt behavior change by inducing dissonance.

    Dissonance Reduction

    • Strategies to reduce cognitive dissonance include changing attitudes and beliefs, rationalizing behaviors, and seeking supporting information.

    ELM (Elaboration Likelihood Model)

    • ELM describes central (logic) and peripheral (heuristics) routes to persuasion. Factors such as involvement, need for cognition, and ability influence route taken.

    Product Placement

    • Product placement strategically integrates products/brands into media contexts.

    Transtheoretical Model

    • Explains behavioral change through stages, suggesting strategic approaches aligned with where a person is in their progress toward a target behavior, and "readiness to act."

    Acquiescence

    • Acquiescence is the tendency to agree without critical thinking.

    Social Desirability

    • A bias when people alter responses to present themselves favorably.

    Transportation

    • Transportation refers to a psychological state where individuals become fully immersed in a narrative.

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    Description

    This quiz explores fundamental concepts in rhetoric, including propaganda, persuasion, and the Socratic Method. Learn about the different rhetorical appeals such as ethos, pathos, logos, kairos, and telos, as well as the distinctions between Sophists and Aristotelians. Test your understanding of how these elements influence communication and public opinion.

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