Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of working hypotheses in research?
Which of the following methods is NOT mentioned as a way to develop working hypotheses?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of research as categorized in the content?
What is the primary purpose of research methodology?
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What type of data can primarily be collected through experiments?
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What does the research process consist of?
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In the context of formulating the research problem, what is the first step?
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Which is NOT a method of data collection in surveys?
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What is the main focus during the analysis of data after tabulation?
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What should a researcher do during the extensive literature survey?
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Which of the following steps is NOT part of the research process?
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What must be done with care when preparing the report or thesis?
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Which of the following is essential for the quality of data analysis?
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How can a researcher best understand a research problem?
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Why is it important to consider the logic behind research methods?
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Which of the following best describes the second step in formulating the research problem?
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What is the primary aim of research?
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Which of the following is NOT a motive for undertaking research?
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What does the term 'research' imply in a systematic method?
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Which of the following best describes one of the research objectives?
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Which step in research involves stating the problem to be investigated?
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What can be an outcome of analyzing the facts in research?
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Which of the following statements about research objectives is true?
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What is emphasized in the definition of research provided?
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Study Notes
Research Definition
- Research is about finding knowledge.
- Research can be defined as a systematic and scientific search for information.
- Research is an art of scientific investigation.
- Research involves careful investigation or inquiry seeking new facts.
Objectives of Research
- Research aims to answer questions using scientific methods.
- The main aim of research is to find the truth.
- Research objectives can be grouped into the following:
- Gaining familiarity with or understanding better a phenomenon.
- Describing the characteristics of an individual, situation, or group.
- Determining how often something occurs or is associated with something else.
- Testing if there is a causal relationship between variables.
Motivation in Research
- Motivation for conducting research can include:
- Desire to get a research degree and its benefits.
- Desire to solve unsolved problems.
- Desire to get intellectual joy from creative work.
- Desire to serve society.
- Desire to gain respect.
Research Methodology
- Research methodology is a way to solve research problems systematically.
- It is a scientific process for studying how research is done.
- Methodology goes beyond just the research methods and considers the reasoning behind choosing particular methods.
- It explains why certain methods are used and why others are not, ensuring the results can be evaluated by the researcher and others.
Research Process
- The research process consists of a series of steps needed to conduct research effectively. These steps have a specific order.
- The steps are:
- Defining the research problem.
- Reviewing the literature.
- Formulating the hypothesis.
- Designing the research.
- Collecting the data.
- Analyzing the data.
- Interpreting and reporting the results.
Formulating the Research Problem
- There are two types of research problems: those related to states of nature and those related to relationships between variables.
- The first step in formulating a research problem: making the general topic into a specific area of study.
- Important steps in formulating the problem:
- Understanding the problem thoroughly.
- Rephrasing the problem into meaningful terms for analysis.
- Discussing the problem with colleagues and experts helps to understand it.
- Researchers can seek guidance from supervisors who have experience with different research problems.
Extensive Literature Survey
- Researchers are encouraged to do thorough research about existing information related to the problem.
- This involves looking at published and unpublished references, journals, conference proceedings, and government reports.
- A good library is a valuable resource for this step.
Development of Working Hypotheses
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Developing research hypotheses is crucial because they provide a clear direction for the research.
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They also influence the data analysis process and indirectly affect the quality of the required data.
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The hypothesis guides the researcher, limits the scope of the research, and ensures it stays on track.
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Developing working hypotheses can be done using the following approaches:
- Discussions with colleagues and experts about the problem.
- Examining data and records.
- Reviewing similar studies or those about similar problems.
- Conducting personal investigations with limited field interviews.
Preparing the Research Design
- The research design helps to make the research efficient and get the most information possible.
- Achieving these goals depends on the research purpose.
- Research purposes can be categorized into four groups:
- Exploration: gaining better insight and understanding.
- Description: describing the characteristics of a subject.
- Diagnosis: identifying the cause of a problem.
- Experimentation: testing the cause-and-effect relationship of variables.
Collecting the Data
- Primary data (original data) can be collected through experiments or surveys.
- In experiments, the researcher measures quantitative data to test the hypothesis.
- For surveys, data can be collected via:
- Observation
- Personal interviews
- Telephone interviews
- Mail questionnaires
- Schedules
Analyzing the Data
- Data analysis involves calculating percentages, coefficients, and other statistical measures using specific formulas.
- The analysis process explores relationships and differences that confirm or contradict the original or new hypotheses.
Preparation of the Report or Thesis
- Finally, the researcher needs to write a report summarizing the research findings.
- Writing a thesis requires careful attention to detail and specific criteria.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of research, including its definition, objectives, and the motivation behind conducting research. It aims to enhance your understanding of how research serves as a systematic investigation to find knowledge and truth. Test your knowledge on the principles that guide effective research.
