Introduction to Railway Buildings

• RAEN 30143 is an introduction to railway buildings

Railway systems

• Involve train operation, station operation, and an operation control center
• Include tracks and guideways, signaling and communications, buildings and facilities, rolling stock, and power supply and distribution
• Consist of operation and maintenance

Operation

• Includes stations, station offices, and ticket gates
• Consists of substations such as SIGCOM and other station rooms

Maintenance

• Includes depots, stabling yards, maintenance yards, admin buildings, and maintenance facilities

Railway Buildings

• Infrastructure that supports railway transportation systems' operations and maintenance
• Structures include stations, depots, terminals, maintenance facilities, and administrative offices

Types of Railway Buildings

• Railway depots refer to maintenance yards dedicated to the maintenance, servicing, and storage of rolling stocks
• Passenger railway stations are centralized hubs, provide amenities for passengers to board, alight, and transfer between trains
• Freight Terminals (Freight yards or freight centers) deal with goods and freight transfer within rail networks

Benefits of Railway Buildings

• Railway depots ensure maintenance and servicing, promote operational reliability, storage and assembly, and help with asset management
• Passenger railway stations promote passenger connectivity, travel convenience and transportation accessibility
• Freight Terminals are used for logistics and supply chain management, intermodal connectivity, plus distribution and warehousing

Brief History of Railway Buildings

• In 600 BC, Greeks used wheeled vehicles guided by a fixed path
• Early rail transport was used for coal transport

1804-1805

• Richard Trevithick introduced the first steam-powered diesel locomotive

Richard Trevithick

• An English engineer and inventor, played a crucial role in the early development of steam-powered technology
• Built the "Puffing Devil," his first steam-powered road vehicle, in 1801
• Created the world's first steam-powered locomotive in 1804 which hauled 10 tons of iron and 70 passengers over nearly 10 miles in Wales

1825

• The Stockton and Darlington Railway opened, marking the beginning of the railway age

1830

• Liverpool and Manchester Railways opened the first inter-city railway.
• The Liverpool Road Station, the oldest station, was introduced to the world

1836

• The London and Greenwich opened the first railway terminus, marking the birth of the modern railway station

1848

• The Grand Central Station opened in New York City, becoming one of the earliest grand railway terminals in the United States

1852

• The Gare du Nord opened in Paris, France, and became one of the busiest railway stations

1863

• The London Underground, the world’s first underground railway, revolutionized urban transportation

1866-1867

• The Bailey Yard opened and has grown to be the largest railway yard

1892

• The Tutuban Station opened to serve the Manila-Dagupan railway

1984-1985

• The operation of LRT 1 started, marking the use of elevated stations in the Philippines

1999-2000

• MRT-3 opened, which gave way to accessing the first underground platform in the Philippines

2003

• Katipunan Station opened, the first fully underground station in the Philippines

Popular Railway Stations Around the World

• Grand Central Station/Terminal (New York City, USA) is the largest train station
• Shinjuku Station (Tokyo, Japan) is the busiest train station
• Antwerp Central Station (Antwerp, Belgium) is a railway station in Antwerp
• King’s Cross Station is located in London, UK

Railway Buildings and Stations

• Defined as infrastructures that support the operations and maintenance of railway transport
• Include stations, depots, terminals, maintenance and administrative offices

Railway Stations

• Central hubs, provide facilities and amenities for passengers to board, alight, and transfer between trains
• Support passenger connectivity acting as transport hubs, and facilitate boarding/alighting
• Provide travel conveniences like restrooms, waiting areas, and convenience stores

Philippine Building Code (RA 6541) standard

• Mandates the inclusion of a comfort room (toilet and bathroom) under the "Plumbing Code" section

Free Internet Access in Public Places Act of the Philippines

• Republic Act No. 10929, the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT), in coordination with the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and other concerned stakeholders, ensures for free internet provided in transportation terminals, stations, stops, rest areas and RORO terminals. Owners, operators, or administrators of such establishments fully ensure the speedy and efficient implementation of this provision.

Additional Station Benefits

• Stations encourage economic development, attract businesses and tourism, creating opportunities for employment, commerce, and growth
• Heritage and Identity are incorporated

Classification of Railway Stations

• Service, location, size, function, and structure/method of construction are factors in classifying railway stations

Classification by Service

• Passenger stations serve the needs of passengers using railway transportation
• Freight stations specialize in handling, and sorting freights, cargoes, and goods transported by rails

Classification by Location

• Urban rail stations are located in densely populated areas with commercial, residential and industrial facilities
• Rural rail stations are situated in less populated, countryside areas and are surrounded by agricultural land

Classification by Size

• Major stations handle a huge volume of passenger traffic and have the highest ridership in a railway line
• Minor stations serve fewer passengers

Classification by Operation/Function

• Functions include terminal, connecting, intermediate, junction and Intersection stations

Terminal Stations

• Typically found at the both ends of railway lines and can also be found in the middle of a railway line
• They serve as endpoints of railway lines, wherein trains start of terminate their trips

Intermediate Stations

• Most common type of station which serves only one railway line

Connecting Stations

• A type of station wherein another station from a different line is connected, facilitate transfers between different railway lines

Intersection Station

• Services different railway lines, serve as key interchange points for passenger transfer from one line to another

Junction Station

• Two or more railway lines are operating, with at least one line using the station as a terminal station

Classification by Structure/Method of Construction

• Elevated: Stations built above the ground level on elevated platforms
• At-Grade: Stations are constructed at ground level
• Depressed: Stations are constructed below ground level