Introduction to Python Programming

Mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

They compare values using symbols like == (equal to), != (not equal to), < (less than), > (greater than), etc.

They assign a value to a variable using symbols like = (assignment), += (add and assign), -= (subtract and assign), etc.

They operate on bits level using symbols like & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ^ (bitwise XOR), etc.

They combine conditions using symbols like and, or, not to determine the truth of a statement.

Python is a versatile language with a simple syntax, making it beginner-friendly.

Python is interpreted, meaning it runs line by line without needing to compile into machine code first.

Python is interactive, allowing you to execute code directly within its interpreter, making it great for experimenting and learning.

Python is object-oriented, where data and methods are organized into objects, promoting code reusability and modularity.

Python is a high-level language, letting you focus on the logic of your code rather than complex low-level details.

Guido van Rossum developed Python, initially releasing it in 1991.

The GNU General Public License (GPL) allows for the free use, modification, and distribution of Python's source code.

This tutorial is aimed at those new to programming, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of Python.

A line of code that the Python interpreter executes. It can be a simple instruction or a complex block of code.

A program is a collection of statements that are executed sequentially.

It's how you run Python code. You type code directly into the interpreter and get immediate results.

A Python file with a .py extension that contains Python code. You run this by executing the file using the Python interpreter.

A unique name used to identify a variable, function, class, module, or other object within your Python code.

The method of running a Python script by executing the Python interpreter with the script file as an argument.

This makes a Python script executable by setting its permissions.

The process of running a Python script by making it executable and then running it directly.

Python doesn't require you to compile your code before running it. The interpreter executes your program directly, line by line, at runtime.

You can interact with Python directly by typing commands at the Python prompt. This allows you to test and experiment with code snippets in real-time.

Python supports the object-oriented paradigm, which allows you to model real-world problems by bundling code and data into objects.

Python's clear syntax and English-like keywords make it ideal for beginners. Its versatility allows you to build a wide variety of applications, from simple scripts to web apps and games.

Python's vast standard library contains modules that provide ready-to-use tools for many common tasks, saving you time and effort.

Python's interactive mode lets you test and debug code snippets immediately, allowing you to catch errors quickly and learn by experimentation.

Python runs seamlessly across different operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) without significant changes to your code. This makes it highly portable.

A list of command-line arguments passed to a Python script, accessible using sys.argv.

The number of elements in the sys.argv list represents the total number of command-line arguments passed to the script, including the script name itself.

A module in Python that provides functions for parsing command-line options and arguments, including getopt.getopt.

A function within getopt that takes a list of arguments and parses them based on specified options. It separates short options (like -h) and long options (like --help).

When using getopt.getopt(), this parameter represents the string of short options that your script accepts. You can indicate options requiring an argument by placing a colon after the option letter (e.g., -f:, for a file).

When using getopt.getopt(), this optional parameter represents the list of long options that your script accepts.

In Python, blocks of code are identified by consistent indentation. All lines with the same indentation level form a block.

The \ character is used to indicate that a statement continues onto the next line. This allows writing long statements over multiple lines for better readability.

Python allows for multi-line statements within square brackets [], curly braces {}, or parentheses (). These structures can span multiple lines without needing the line continuation character.

Python uses single quotes ('), double quotes ("), and triple quotes (''' or """) to define strings. The type of quote used to start the string must also be used to end it.

Triple quotes in Python (''' or """) are used to define multi-line strings. They allow you to write strings that span multiple lines, preserving formatting and line breaks.

The open() function in Python is used to open files. It takes the filename and the mode (e.g., 'w' for writing, 'r' for reading) as arguments.

The close() method in Python is used to close a file after you've finished working with it. It ensures that the file is saved properly and resources are released.

The raw_input() function in Python allows the user to enter input from the keyboard. It prompts the user with a message and returns the input as a string.