Introduction to Python Programming

• Python displays text using the print() function, such as Print(“Hello, World!”).
• Variables are used to store information; for example, name = "Caren" stores the name "Caren".
• Numerical data can be stored as integers, like age = 22, or as decimal numbers, like price = 19.99.
• User input can be obtained using the input() function, as in user_input = input("Enter something: ").

If-Else Statements

• Python uses if, elif (else if), and else to make decisions based on conditions.
• Example:

x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
elif x == 5:
    print("x is exactly 5")
else:
    print("x is less than 5")

Loops

• Loops are used to repeat actions.
• The for loop can iterate over a range of numbers:

for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

• The while loop continues as long as a condition is true:

count = 0
while count < 5:
    print("Count:", count)
    count += 1

Functions

• Functions are blocks of code that can be called to perform specific tasks.
• Defined using the def keyword:

def greet(name):
    print("Hello, " + name + "!")

• Functions are then called by name; for example, greet("Caren").

Lists and Dictionaries

• Lists store ordered collections of items: fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"].
• Accessing list elements, for example, print(fruits[0]) outputs "apple".
• Dictionaries store key-value pairs: student = {"name": "Caren", "age": 22, "major": "MIS"}.
• Accessing dictionary values, for example, print(student["name"]) outputs "Caren".

File Handling

• Files can be opened in write mode ("w") to save data:

with open("test.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, this is a test file!")

• Files can be opened in read mode ("r") to retrieve data:

with open("test.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

Handling Errors

• try and except blocks catch errors without crashing the program:

try:
    num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    print(10 / num)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("You can't divide by zero!")
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid input! Please enter a number.")

Overtime Pay Program

• The program calculates weekly pay based on hours worked:

def payFunction(hours):
    payrate = 20.756
    if hours > 40:
        extraHours = hours - 40
        pay = payrate * 40 + extraHours * payrate * 1.5
    else:
        pay = payrate * hours
    print("Your weekly pay is", round(pay, 2))

hours = float(input("Please enter total hours worked: "))
if hours < 0 or hours > 80:
    print("Invalid input. Hours should be between 0-80")
else:
    payFunction(hours)

• It asks for hours worked, adds extra pay for more than 40 hours (1.5x rate), and calculates regular pay if less than 40 hours.