Introduction to Psychopathology
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Questions and Answers

What should a professional evaluate to ensure effective communication with patients regarding medication?

  • The patients' financial status
  • The hospital's medication policy
  • Their own feelings and attitudes about medication (correct)
  • The duration of the patient's illness

    • Which factor is NOT considered when exploring a patient's adherence to medication?

  • Adverse effects of the medication
  • Routes of medication administration (correct)
  • Feelings about the medication
  • Personal attitudes towards treatment

    • What relationship aspect is important for patients when discussing medication use?

  • A formal and rigid relationship
  • An impersonal relationship with no emotional connection
  • An open and comfortable relationship (correct)
  • A competitive relationship with providers

    • Which of the following areas is crucial for professionals to work on regarding pharmacotherapy?

    <p>Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effects can the pharmaceutical phase involve?

    <p>How medication is administered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should professionals do to maintain their knowledge level about pharmacotherapy?

    <p>Engage in continuous educational experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors influence response to treatment in pharmacotherapy?

    <p>Pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of IV medication administration?

    <p>More severe and rapid side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of genetic linkage analysis?

    <p>To identify individual genes related to inherited traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the diathesis-stress model?

    <p>An interaction of genetic predispositions and environmental stressors leads to mental health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of biological models of psychopathology?

    <p>They lack empirical support for biological causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do concordance studies measure in the context of psychology?

    <p>The probability of relatives developing similar psychological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does heritability indicate in the study of psychopathology?

    <p>It determines the extent to which symptoms are genetically influenced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of personality disorders is highlighted in the content?

    <p>Distress may be situationally appropriate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT supported by the biological models of psychopathology?

    <p>The existence of biological causes for all psychiatric conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do twin studies contribute to understanding psychopathy?

    <p>They compare the development of symptoms between identical and fraternal twins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of online therapy for shy clients?

    <p>They may feel more open compared to in-person interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary limitation of using online therapy?

    <p>Challenges in ensuring confidentiality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a goal of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative?

    <p>Improving access and reducing waiting times for treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evaluating treatment effectiveness, what is a significant challenge?

    <p>Identifying universal measures of success across all therapies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is highlighted as beneficial in identifying triggers in mental health problems?

    <p>Virtual reality exposure (VRE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic benefit can result from the IAPT initiative?

    <p>Clients returning to work more quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can hinder a client's recovery during therapy?

    <p>An unsupportive home environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding virtual reality environments in therapy?

    <p>They can be adapted to address specific symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the ego in the psyche?

    <p>To control impulses of the id</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the means by which the ego manages unacceptable impulses?

    <p>Defense mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage might a child become fixated due to unmet oral needs?

    <p>Oral stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept links two stimuli in classical conditioning?

    <p>Conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach focuses on overcoming psychological issues through personal insight and self-actualization?

    <p>Humanist-existential approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might self-stigma lead to in individuals with mental health issues?

    <p>Feelings of shame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy approach combines changing thoughts and behavior?

    <p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is used in behavior therapy to modify behaviors?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'associative stigma' refer to?

    <p>Discrimination experienced by families of the mentally ill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of the behavioral model in understanding psychopathology?

    <p>It ignores cognitive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might irrational beliefs cause according to the cognitive model?

    <p>Psychopathology symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism identified by the ego?

    <p>Substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who primarily prescribes psychoactive medications?

    <p>Psychiatrists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of client-centered therapy?

    <p>Promoting client self-awareness and personal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a reason for classifying psychopathology?

    <p>To suggest treatment methods based on causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DSM emphasize when defining psychopathology?

    <p>Chronic distress and impairment in functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the common problem with classification lead to?

    <p>Stigmatization of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was the first comprehensive classification system for psychopathology?

    <p>Kraepelin's classification system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM?

    <p>It does not address causes of disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of categorization according to the DSM?

    <p>To provide a basis for systematic application of diagnostic criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term comorbidity refer to?

    <p>The simultaneous presence of multiple psychological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the DSM's approach to diagnosis?

    <p>It entirely avoids suggesting causes unless definitively established.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the WHO's International Classification of Diseases (ICD) compare to the DSM?

    <p>It first appeared in 1939 as a comprehensive listing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did DSM revisions aim to integrate into their criteria?

    <p>New research findings to refine categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dimensional approach in classification try to address?

    <p>Arbitrary cut-off points in diagnostic criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which features are essential for defining a psychological disorder according to the DSM?

    <p>Chronic distress and/or disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is accurate regarding hybrid disorders?

    <p>They may represent symptoms from different disorders causing considerable distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the DSM, what constitutes a disorder?

    <p>A combination of distress with observable symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)?

    <p>Achieving a mental state characterized by present-moment focus and non-judgmental awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) primarily advocate?

    <p>Noticing and accepting thoughts as private events without the need to change them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy focuses on addressing activities that individuals with depression have been avoiding?

    <p>Behavioral activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical feature of client-centered therapy as founded by Carl Rogers?

    <p>Client independence and self-directedness in resolving conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method in Gestalt therapy involves the client addressing an empty chair as if it contains another person?

    <p>Empty chair technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common purpose of family and systemic therapies?

    <p>To improve communication among family members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidepressants was developed first in the 1960s?

    <p>Tricyclic antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern associated with the use of benzodiazepines as anxiolytics?

    <p>They may lead to dependence and can be abused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) primarily target?

    <p>Uptake of serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about drug treatments for psychopathology is correct?

    <p>They can sometimes medicalize mild psychopathologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do group therapy sessions primarily leverage for effectiveness?

    <p>Shared experiences among those with the same issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do second-generation antipsychotic drugs differ from first-generation drugs?

    <p>They show higher response rates and fewer side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general outcome of mindfulness practices in therapy?

    <p>Greater awareness of present-moment experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Psychopathology

    • Psychopathology is the in-depth study of mental health problems.
    • Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology responsible for understanding and treating psychopathology.
    • Behaviours that deviate from societal norms, appear irrational, or are maladaptive, can be considered psychopathological.
    • Determining psychopathology requires careful consideration as many behaviours that need clinical treatment are extremes of normal behaviour.

    History of Psychopathology

    • Throughout history, behaviour considered unusual has been attributed to various causes, including demonic possession.
    • The medical model developed replacing religious explanations with biological/medical ones.
    • Descartes' mind-body dualism suggested mental illness originated in the body, particularly the brain.
    • The emergence of psychiatry emphasized biological causes treated by medication or surgery.
    • Humane treatment approaches were introduced that emphasized care and support.
    • The rise of clinical psychology involved experimental psychology and testing which led to the development of treatments focused on the interactions between individuals and their environment.

    Defining Psychopathology

    • Different approaches are used for defining and diagnosing, most often involving the 4 Ds:
      • Deviance ( from a norm)
      • Dysfunction (social, occupational)
      • Distress (in self or others)
      • Danger (to self or others)
    • Deviation from statistical norms involves comparing an individual's behaviour to the average.
    • Societal norms reflect accepted standards in a particular culture.
    • A harmful dysfunction is the assumption of a breakdown in a normal process, resulting in harm.

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    Summaries Clinical (book + lectures) PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of psychopathology, including its historical context and the evolution of mental health treatment. This quiz covers the understanding and treatment of mental health problems through clinical psychology, as well as the societal perceptions of abnormal behaviors throughout history.

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