Introduction to Psychology Unit 8 Flashcards

Language Understanding

• Language encompasses the comprehension of spoken and written words, as well as the ability to communicate effectively through speech and writing.

Phonemes

• Phonemes are the smallest sound units in a language that can change meaning. They are associated with letters but do not always have a direct correlation.

Categorical Perception

• Categorical perception allows people to group varying sounds into the same phoneme category, making it difficult to differentiate sounds that belong to the same phoneme group.

Morphemes

• Morphemes are combinations of one or more phonemes that convey meaningful content; altering a morpheme can change a word’s meaning entirely.

Syntax

• Syntax refers to the structural rules that dictate sentence formation, with each language having unique syntactic rules for constructing meaningful sentences.

Contextual Information

• Contextual factors, such as the situation and prior conversation, significantly influence language understanding, as illustrated by the varied interpretations of the word "unbelievable."

Broca's Area

• Located in the left hemisphere of the brain, Broca's area plays a crucial role in language production, first identified in studies of patients with brain lesions.

Wernicke's Area

• Situated next to the auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area is essential for language comprehension and understanding spoken language.

Early Language Development: Cooing

• Around 6 to 8 weeks, infants begin cooing, producing vowel sounds as part of their early vocal practice.

Babbling Stages

• Between 5 to 7 months, infants start babbling, intentionally vocalizing combinations of consonant and vowel sounds, demonstrating greater tongue control and experimentation with sound.

Repetitive and Variegated Babbling

• Repetitive babbling involves repeating simple consonant-vowel pairs, while variegated babbling emerges around 8-10 months with mixed combinations of sounds, marking advanced vocal development.

Generativity

• Generativity allows speakers to create original sentences and express new concepts they have not previously encountered.

Chomsky’s Theory on Language Acquisition

• Noam Chomsky proposed that while words are learned through experience, humans have an innate ability, coded in our genes, to structure language and recognize grammatical categories.

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

• Chomsky referred to this innate capacity for organizing language categories as the Language Acquisition Device, which facilitates language learning in infants and children.

Bilingualism

• Bilingualism is the ability to fluently communicate in two languages, reflecting cognitive flexibility and cultural competence.

Test your knowledge on language concepts with these flashcards from Introduction to Psychology Unit 8. This quiz focuses on definitions and key terms, including phonemes and their role in communication. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of language in psychology.