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Questions and Answers
What does behaviorism focus on?
What does behaviorism focus on?
Which type of learning is associated with pairing a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus to trigger a response?
Which type of learning is associated with pairing a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus to trigger a response?
What does operant conditioning involve?
What does operant conditioning involve?
In classical conditioning, what happens after an association is formed between the neutral stimulus and the natural stimulus?
In classical conditioning, what happens after an association is formed between the neutral stimulus and the natural stimulus?
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Which theory of learning involves creating an association between behavior and its consequences?
Which theory of learning involves creating an association between behavior and its consequences?
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What was the primary focus of the Structuralist School of Psychology?
What was the primary focus of the Structuralist School of Psychology?
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Which technique was commonly used by the structuralists to analyze the inner processes of the human mind?
Which technique was commonly used by the structuralists to analyze the inner processes of the human mind?
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Who was a prominent figure associated with the Behaviorist School of Psychology?
Who was a prominent figure associated with the Behaviorist School of Psychology?
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Which school of psychology emphasized the role of external influences in shaping behavior?
Which school of psychology emphasized the role of external influences in shaping behavior?
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What distinguished the Structuralist School of Psychology from other schools of thought?
What distinguished the Structuralist School of Psychology from other schools of thought?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of behavior of individuals and their mental processes.
Schools of Psychology
Structuralist School of Psychology
- Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, the first psychology lab.
- Focus: Reducing mental processes down into their most basic elements.
- Techniques used: Introspection, experimental self-observation.
- Method: Trained observers examined their inner responses, thinking as carefully and objectively as possible.
Behaviorist School of Psychology
- Emerged in the 1950s.
- Based on the work of: John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner.
- Key principle: All behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than internal forces.
- Focus: Observable behavior.
Behavioral Theories
Classical Conditioning
- A type of learning that involves associating a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
- Example: Pairing the sound of a bell with the presentation of food.
Operant Conditioning
- A type of learning that involves using rewards and punishments to create an association between the behavior and the consequences of that behavior.
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Description
Learn about the different schools of psychology that represent major theories in the field of psychological science, starting from the emergence of psychology as a science separate from biology and philosophy. Understand the debate over describing and explaining human mind and behavior.
