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Questions and Answers
What does behaviorism focus on?
Which type of learning is associated with pairing a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus to trigger a response?
What does operant conditioning involve?
In classical conditioning, what happens after an association is formed between the neutral stimulus and the natural stimulus?
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Which theory of learning involves creating an association between behavior and its consequences?
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What was the primary focus of the Structuralist School of Psychology?
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Which technique was commonly used by the structuralists to analyze the inner processes of the human mind?
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Who was a prominent figure associated with the Behaviorist School of Psychology?
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Which school of psychology emphasized the role of external influences in shaping behavior?
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What distinguished the Structuralist School of Psychology from other schools of thought?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of behavior of individuals and their mental processes.
Schools of Psychology
Structuralist School of Psychology
- Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, the first psychology lab.
- Focus: Reducing mental processes down into their most basic elements.
- Techniques used: Introspection, experimental self-observation.
- Method: Trained observers examined their inner responses, thinking as carefully and objectively as possible.
Behaviorist School of Psychology
- Emerged in the 1950s.
- Based on the work of: John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner.
- Key principle: All behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than internal forces.
- Focus: Observable behavior.
Behavioral Theories
Classical Conditioning
- A type of learning that involves associating a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
- Example: Pairing the sound of a bell with the presentation of food.
Operant Conditioning
- A type of learning that involves using rewards and punishments to create an association between the behavior and the consequences of that behavior.
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Description
Learn about the different schools of psychology that represent major theories in the field of psychological science, starting from the emergence of psychology as a science separate from biology and philosophy. Understand the debate over describing and explaining human mind and behavior.
