Introduction to Psychology Quiz
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is psychology?

The scientific study of mind and behavior.

What is the name of the first laboratory for psychological research?

  • Ivan Pavlov's Laboratory
  • William James's Laboratory
  • Sigmund Freud's Laboratory
  • Wilhelm Wundt's Laboratory (correct)
  • What are the main ideas behind structuralism?

    Understanding the conscious experience through introspection, breaking down the mind into its basic parts.

    Which school of psychology focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment?

    <p>Functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the founder of American Psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea behind the Psychoanalytic Theory?

    <p>The unconscious mind plays a significant role in affecting conscious behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to psychoanalytic theory, one way to access the unconscious mind is through what?

    <p>Dream Analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Gestalt Psychology?

    <p>Humans as a whole rather than individual parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the German word 'Gestalt'?

    <p>Whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Behaviorism's main focus?

    <p>Observing and controlling behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the names of the main figures who contributed to Behaviorism?

    <p>Pavlov, Watson, Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea behind Humanism?

    <p>The inherent potential for good in all humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two individuals are most prominent in Humanism?

    <p>Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hierarchy of needs proposed by Abraham Maslow?

    <p>Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the therapy method developed by Carl Rogers?

    <p>Client-centered therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three key elements that Rogers believe are necessary for therapists?

    <p>Unconditional positive regard, genuineness and empathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considered branches of contemporary psychology? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Personality Psychology (A), Biopsychology (B), Developmental Psychology (C), Social Psychology (D), Forensic Psychology (E), Industrial-Organizational Psychology (F), Health Psychology (G), Cognitive Psychology (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Biopsychology?

    <p>Understanding how the nervous system creates behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are studied within Biopsychology? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Plasticity of the nervous system (A), Drug use and abuse (B), Reproductive behavior (C), Neurodevelopment (D), Ingestive behavior (E), Sensory and motor systems (F), Sleep (G), Biological correlates of psychological disorders (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two key components of Sensation and Perception?

    <p>Sensation and Perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five factors of the Five Factor Model in Personality Psychology?

    <p>Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general characteristics of people with high openness to experience?

    <p>Curious, imaginative and creative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general characteristics of people high in conscientiousness?

    <p>Confident, self-discipline and thoughtful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for extraversion?

    <p>Surgency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general characteristics of people high in agreeableness?

    <p>Good-natured, cooperative, and trustworthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general characteristics of people high in neuroticism?

    <p>Prone to negative emotions such as anxiety, unhappiness, and fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Social Psychology?

    <p>How individuals interact with one another and how those interactions impact behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are key study areas within Social Psychology? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Interpersonal conflicts (A), Prejudice (B), Obedience (C), Attraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Health Psychology?

    <p>The relationship between psychological and biological factors and health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What model within health psychology suggests that health is determined by an interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors?

    <p>The biopsychosocial model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Clinical Psychology?

    <p>Diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common approach used by clinical psychologists when providing therapy?

    <p>Cognitive-behavioral therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?

    <p>Applying psychological principles to workplaces, organizations, and employee behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Sport and Exercise Psychology?

    <p>The relationship between psychological factors and athletic performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Forensic Psychology?

    <p>Applying psychological principles to legal settings and the justice system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a forensic psychologist in the legal system?

    <p>They assess an individual's competency to stand trial, offer sentencing and treatment suggestions, provide testimony on psychological issues, and advise on matters related to eyewitness testimony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the minimum educational requirements for most careers in psychology?

    <p>A PhD or a Masters Degree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are common career paths for individuals with a degree in psychology? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Clinical psychology (A), Social Work (B), Counseling psychology (C), Teaching (D), Research (E), Corporate and Marketing jobs (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first woman to earn a doctorate in psychology?

    <p>Margaret Floy Washburn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is famous for his theories about changes in cognitive ability as we move from infancy to adulthood?

    <p>Jean Piaget.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Developmental Psychology?

    <p>To study changes in physical and mental characteristics across the lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cognitive revolution?

    <p>The Cognitive Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Psychology

    • Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
    • It encompasses everything about the human experience, from brain functions to consciousness, memory, language, reasoning, personality, and mental health.

    Historical Perspectives

    • Structuralism: Examines conscious experience through introspection (self-examination). Pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt.
    • Functionalism: Focuses on how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment. Pioneered by William James.
    • Psychoanalytic Theory: Emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind in influencing behavior. Founded by Sigmund Freud.
    • Gestalt Psychology: Emphasizes the "whole" experience rather than individual parts. Key figures include Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler.
    • Behaviorism: Focuses on observable behaviors and how they can be learned and controlled. Key figures include Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner.
    • Humanism: Highlights human potential for growth and fulfillment, and the innate goodness of humans. Key figures include Maslow and Rogers.

    Key Figures

    • Wilhelm Wundt: Founder of the first psychology laboratory, considered a founder of psychology and a pioneer of structuralism.
    • William James: First American psychologist, establishing functionalism.
    • Sigmund Freud: Developed psychoanalytic theory, emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind.
    • Ivan Pavlov: Discovered classical conditioning, elucidating stimulus-response connections in learning.
    • John B. Watson: Known as the father of behaviorism. Argued for objective analysis of observable behavior.
    • B.F. Skinner: Studied operant conditioning (reinforcement and punishment).
    • Abraham Maslow: Proposed a hierarchy of needs in motivating behavior.
    • Carl Rogers: Developed client-centered therapy, emphasizing empathy and unconditional positive regard.
    • Margaret Floy Washburn: First woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology and conducted research on animal behavior.

    Modern Branches of Psychology

    • Biopsychology: Studies the biological basis of behavior.
    • Sensation and Perception: Examines sensory information and its interpretation.
    • Personality Psychology: Explores enduring patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior.
    • Social Psychology: Investigates how individuals interact and relate with one another.
    • Health Psychology: Examines the relationship between psychological factors and physical health.
    • Clinical Psychology: Focuses on diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
    • Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Applies psychological concepts to workplace settings.
    • Sports and Exercise Psychology: Studies psychological aspects related to sports and physical performance.
    • Developmental Psychology: Examines physical and mental development across the lifespan.
    • Forensic Psychology: Applies psychological principles to the legal system.

    Cognitive Revolution

    • 1950s: Emergence of new disciplinary perspectives (linguistics, neuroscience, computer science) made the mind a focus of scientific study.
    • Noam Chomsky was instrumental in beginning the cognitive revolution, emphasizing mental functioning in behavior.

    Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

    • A therapeutic approach that considers thoughts, emotions, and behaviors together.
    • Many employment options are available to those with bachelor's and even master's degrees in psychology.
    • Some top occupations include management, sales, social work, and healthcare roles.

    Employment Sectors for Psychology Doctorates

    • Psychologists with doctoral degrees can be employed in numerous sectors.
    • Common employment sectors include universities, hospitals, government agencies, businesses, and related educational settings.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of psychology, including the historical perspectives that shaped the field. From structuralism to humanism, explore the key theories and figures that contributed to our understanding of the mind and behavior.

    More Like This

    Psychology Theories Overview
    7 questions

    Psychology Theories Overview

    WellReceivedSquirrel7948 avatar
    WellReceivedSquirrel7948
    Introduction to Psychology Concepts
    13 questions

    Introduction to Psychology Concepts

    UndisputableMoonstone9923 avatar
    UndisputableMoonstone9923
    Psychology Phenomena and Theories
    13 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser