Introduction to Psychology Lecture 1

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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with establishing psychology as an academic discipline?

Emil Kraepelin

Wilhelm Wundt (correct)

James McKeen Cattell

Sigmund Freud

What significant development in psychology occurred in 1892?

First Doctorate in Psychology is awarded

First American psychology laboratory is established

American Psychological Association (APA) is founded (correct)

First use of the term 'psychoanalysis'

Which psychologist introduced the concept of functionalism?

William James (correct)

Granville Stanley Hall

Edward B. Titchener

Joseph Jastrow

What is the primary focus of structuralism in psychology?

The combination of simple elements of mental experience Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first person to receive a doctorate in psychology?

Joseph Jastrow Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist developed a therapy based on free association and dream analysis?

Sigmund Freud Signup and view all the answers

What marked the first use of the title 'professor of psychology' in the United States?

James McKeen Cattell Signup and view all the answers

What does functionalism emphasize in the study of psychology?

The acts and functions of the mind Signup and view all the answers

Who published 'The Child’s Conception of the World' in 1920?

Jean Piaget Signup and view all the answers

Which test was created by Hermann Rorschach?

Rorschach Inkblot Test Signup and view all the answers

What year was Alcoholics Anonymous founded?

1935 Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure did Walter Freeman perform for the first time in the United States?

Lobotomy Signup and view all the answers

What does Gestalt psychology emphasize?

Understanding psychological phenomena as a coherent whole Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Menninger Clinic founded in 1925?

Compassionate approach to mental health Signup and view all the answers

Who challenged many of Freud's theories in 'The Neurotic Personality of Our Time'?

Karen Horney Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the electroencephalogram invented by Hans Berger?

To graph electrical activity of the brain Signup and view all the answers

Who opened the world’s first psychological clinic?

Lightner Witmer Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Sigmund Freud introduce in his book The Interpretation of Dreams?

Psychoanalysis Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is known for introducing structuralism to the United States?

Edward Bradford Titchener Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about Mary Calkins in 1904?

She was the first woman president of the APA. Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the standardized IQ tests developed by Binet and Simon?

General intelligence based on mental age Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary theme of Clifford Beers' book A Mind That Found Itself?

Humane treatment for mental illness and better education Signup and view all the answers

What was John B. Watson's primary contribution to psychology in 1913?

The establishment of behaviorism Signup and view all the answers

Which notable achievement did Francis Cecil Sumner accomplish in 1920?

He earned the first Ph.D. in psychology for an African American. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Psychology: Key Milestones

1879: Wilhelm Wundt establishes the first experimental psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany, marking the inception of psychology as an academic discipline. Notable students include Emil Kraepelin, James McKeen Cattell, and Granville Stanley Hall.
1883: Granville Stanley Hall sets up the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Johns Hopkins University.
1886: Joseph Jastrow receives the first doctorate in psychology from Johns Hopkins University and later becomes president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1900.
1888: James McKeen Cattell is appointed the first professor of psychology in the U.S. at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University.
1892: The American Psychological Association (APA) is founded by Granville Stanley Hall, who also launches significant journals for the field: the American Journal of Psychology and the Journal of Applied Psychology.
1896: The concept of functionalism in psychology emerges, focusing on mental processes and their functions, advocated by William James and John Dewey.
1896: Sigmund Freud introduces psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious motivations and conflicts, with significant therapeutic techniques like free association and dream analysis.
1896: Edward B. Titchener publishes Outline of Psychology, promoting structuralism, which analyzes mental experiences as combinations of basic elements, contrasting with functionalism's focus.
1896: Lightner Witmer opens the first psychological clinic, emphasizing the practical application of psychological findings.
1900: Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams is published, detailing his psychoanalytical theories and exploring the unconscious mind.
1901: Edward Bradford Titchener's Manual of Experimental Psychology introduces structuralism into the United States, a field that declines after his death in 1927.
1904: Mary Calkins becomes the first woman president of the APA, recognized for her contributions while studying under William James.
1905: Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon develop standardized IQ tests, introducing a scale based on mental age.
1908: Clifford Beers publishes A Mind That Found Itself, advocating humane treatment and raising awareness about mental illness, contributing to the mental hygiene movement.
1909: Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung attend a Psychoanalysis Symposium at Clark University, where Freud delivers his only U.S. speech.
1913: John B. Watson publishes “Psychology as Behavior,” launching behaviorism, which emphasizes observable behaviors over unconscious processes.
1917: Standardized intelligence and aptitude tests are deployed for two million U.S. soldiers during WWI, later influencing academic and employment practices in civilian life.
1920: Francis Cecil Sumner earns the first Ph.D. in psychology by an African American at Clark University and later chairs the psychology department at Howard University.
1920: Jean Piaget publishes The Child’s Conception of the World, catalyzing the study of cognitive development in children.
1921: The Rorschach Test is developed by Hermann Rorschach, based on the interpretation of inkblots as a measure of personality.
1925: The Menninger Clinic is established in Topeka, Kansas, emphasizing compassion in the treatment of mental illness through an integrative psychological and psychiatric approach.
1929: Hans Berger invents the electroencephalogram, a technology to graph brain electrical activity using electrodes attached to the scalp.
1933: The rise of the Nazi Party in Germany leads to the persecution of psychologists, forcing many, including Freud, to seek refuge in other countries.
1935: Bob Smith founds Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), establishing a group meeting format and a 12-step program that influences many subsequent support groups.
1935: Kurt Koffka publishes Principles of Gestalt Psychology, positing that psychological phenomena should be viewed as wholes rather than isolated parts.
1936: Walter Freeman performs the first frontal lobotomy in the U.S., with over 18,000 surgeries conducted by 1951, aimed at treating severe psychosis.
1937: Karen Horney publishes The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, critiquing many of Freud's theories and advancing psychological thought beyond traditional psychoanalysis.

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Description

Explore the historical milestones in psychology, including the establishment of the first psychology laboratories by Wilhelm Wundt and Granville Stanley Hall. This lecture delves into the origins of psychology as an academic discipline and highlights key figures who contributed to its development.