Introduction to Psychology

Study Notes

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
It examines how physical, mental and environmental factors influence behavior.
Aims to describe, understand, predict, and influence behavior for human welfare.
General psychology focuses on basic principles, problems, and methods related to human development, emotions, motivation, learning, memory, senses, thinking, perception, and intelligence.

Psychology is a relatively modern discipline, combining elements of biology and philosophy.
It is linked to other disciplines like sociology, medicine, linguistics, and anthropology.
Psychology plays a significant role in modern society.
It offers diverse career paths, including clinical psychology, health psychology, forensic psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology.

Focuses on the "good life" and positive aspects of human experience.
Encourages well-being and flourishing, both individually and societally.
Emerged in reaction to traditional psychology's focus on mental illness and negativity.
Emphasizes happiness, well-being, positivity, and the pursuit of meaning and fulfillment.
Aims to develop a sense of optimism, acceptance of the past, and contentment in the present.

Happiness is a personal experience with three components: high positive emotions, low negative emotions, and a fulfilling life.
Wellbeing is often used as a synonym for happiness, encompassing positive emotions, health, and flourishing.
Full life is another term for happiness, involving enjoyment, meaning, and engagement in desirable activities.
Pleasure is physical enjoyment derived from sensory experiences and bodily movement, but its effects diminish over time.
Higher pleasure comes from cognitive experiences, personal abilities, and the pursuit of meaningful goals.

Positive psychology offers practical tools for increasing happiness, known as “self-help."
Many strategies focus on increasing positive emotions, behaviors, and knowledge.
Key methods include:
- Building strong social relationships: Positive relationships with others are crucial to happiness.
- Treating others kindly: Kindness increases happiness for both the giver and the receiver.
- ** Engaging in meaningful work and success in human relationships:** Happiness involves pursuing work and relationships that align with one's values.