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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the primary role of dendrites in a neuron?
Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting signals?
Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting signals?
What is the estimated number of neurons in the human brain?
What is the estimated number of neurons in the human brain?
What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?
What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?
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What is the significance of myelin sheath around axons?
What is the significance of myelin sheath around axons?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology
- Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior.
The Biological Basis of Psychology
- The nervous system is made up of two major cell types: neurons and glial cells.
Road Map
- Parts of the neuron
- Neural communication
- The peripheral and central nervous systems
- Neuroscience research methods
Parts of the Neuron
- Nervous System: Composed of neurons and glial cells
- Neurons: Approximately 100 billion in the human brain
- Synapses: Potentially over 100 trillion in the human brain (the gaps where neurons meet)
- Glial cells: Outnumber neurons 10 to 1, offering support and nourishment
Neurons
- Individual cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information in the nervous system
Basic Parts of the Neuron
- Soma (cell body): Contains the nucleus and organelles
- Nucleus: Control center of the neuron
- Dendrites: Receive information from other neurons
- Axon: Transmits signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Often covered in myelin sheath for faster signal transmission.
- Terminal Buttons: Small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters to send signals across synapses
- Synapse (synaptic cleft): The gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released
Soma and Nucleus
- Soma is the cell body.
- Contains the nucleus and other organelles of the cell.
Dendrites
- Receive information from other neurons
Axon
- Long, thin fiber that transmits signals from the soma to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
- Often covered in myelin sheath for faster transmission
Terminal Buttons
- Small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters to send signals across synapses
Glial Cells
- Provide support to neurons
- Outnumber neurons 10 to 1
- Nourish neurons, remove waste, and insulate axons.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts in psychology, focusing on the biological basis of behavior. This quiz covers the structure and function of neurons, neural communication, and the overall organization of the nervous system.
