Introduction to Proteins and Amino Acids

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What is the most common practice for disinfecting the skin before giving an injection?

Using a 70% alcohol solution (correct)

Using a detergent solution

Using pure isopropyl alcohol

Using a povidone-iodine antiseptic

Why is a 70% alcohol solution more effective than pure alcohol for disinfecting the skin?

The 70% solution is less likely to cause skin irritation

The 70% solution is more effective at forming a barrier to further alcohol penetration

The 70% solution is less effective at denaturing and coagulating bacterial surface proteins

The 70% solution denatures bacterial proteins more slowly, allowing for complete penetration before coagulation (correct)

How do reducing agents disrupt disulfide bonds?

Reducing agents cause the formation of disulfide bonds

Reducing agents coagulate bacterial surface proteins

Reducing agents add hydrogen atoms to form thiol groups (correct)

Reducing agents disrupt hydrogen bonds in proteins

How does microwave radiation disrupt hydrogen bonds in molecules?

Microwave radiation causes violent vibrations of the molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun on the skin?

UV radiation disrupts hydrogen bonds in skin proteins, leading to sunburn Signup and view all the answers

How does detergent affect protein structure?

Detergent affects the R-group interactions in proteins Signup and view all the answers

What causes molecules in globular shapes to extend to longer lengths and entangle?

Violent whipping or shaking Signup and view all the answers

What does denaturation of a protein refer to?

Unfolding and rearrangement of secondary and tertiary structures without breaking peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a protein is denatured?

It loses its biological activity Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can reversible denaturation occur?

When the conditions for denaturation are mild Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of irreversible denaturation?

The protein coagulates or precipitates from the solution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause protein denaturation by disrupting electrostatic attractions and disulfide bonds?

Salts of heavy metals Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique group found in each amino acid?

R group Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are essential to bodily functions?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when two amino acids come together?

Peptide bond Signup and view all the answers

Why are proteins considered important to a person's diet?

They contain essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What structure do many amino acids link together to form?

Protein chain Signup and view all the answers

What makes amino acids the 'building blocks of life'?

Their capacity to create proteins Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the result when alkaloidal reagents disrupt electrostatic attraction?

Formation of a coagulate of all proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when strong acids disrupt electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonds?

Formation of a coagulate that dissolves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of alcohol mentioned in the text?

Coagulant Signup and view all the answers

What is the most preferable concentration of isopropyl alcohol for use as an antiseptic in hospitals?

70% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alcohols is mentioned as the most preferable for use as a disinfectant on surfaces?

Ethyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What do proteins contain that determines the identity of the amino acid?

R group/side chain Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are composed of long linear polypeptide chains and are insoluble in water?

Fibrous proteins Signup and view all the answers

What property describes the compact, water-soluble, and active function proteins like myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Globular Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for an amino acid's structure in zwitterion form?

$NH3 CHR COOH$ Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are colorless, tasteless, and exhibit many colloidal properties due to their giant size?

Macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

What role do fibrous proteins serve in biological systems?

Structural roles Signup and view all the answers