20 Questions
What is the primary focus of programming linguistics?
Syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
How do natural languages (NLs) differ from programming languages (PLs)?
NLs are more expressive and subtle than PLs
What are the essential properties of a programming language (PL)?
Universality, naturalness, and implementability
What are the building blocks of programs and programming languages (PLs)?
Values and types
Why is it important for a programming language (PL) to be universal?
To ensure all programs can run on a computer
Which paradigm is characterized by processes and communication?
Concurrent programming
What is the concern of a programming language's semantics?
The meaning of well-formed programs
Which language processor is used for preparing programs for execution?
Compilers
Which programming languages were developed in 1955?
Fortran
Which language was developed in 1995 and belongs to the object-oriented paradigm?
Java
In the context of parameter passing methods, which technique does C++ support?
Pass-by-reference
What is the main characteristic of call by value parameter passing method?
It provides a copy of the variable's value
What does the static chain in stack layout contain in each stack frame?
Reference to the lexically surrounding subroutine
Which programming languages primarily use pass-by-value for parameter passing?
Java and JavaScript
What tasks are performed in the epilogue phase of the calling sequences?
Executing finalization code and deallocating stack frame
In the context of programming language subroutines, what is the difference between a function and a procedure?
A function returns a value, while a procedure does not return a value
What is the purpose of a subprogram call in the context of programming language subroutines?
To explicitly request the execution of the subprogram
What is the parameter profile of a subprogram?
The number, order, and types of parameters of the subprogram
In C and C++, what are function declarations often called?
Prototypes
What is the general semantics of subprogram calls?
Pass parameters, allocate storage for local variables, save execution status, transfer control
Explore the fundamental concepts and historical development of programming languages and paradigms, including syntax, semantics, and language processors. Delve into the study of programming languages in comparison to natural languages, examining their syntax and semantics.
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