Introduction to Programming Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of programming?

The process of creating a set of instructions for a computer to execute.

A program can be understood by both humans and machines after translation into machine code.

True (A)

What is the purpose of a program?

To solve problems or perform tasks efficiently.

What is an algorithm?

A well-defined set of rules or instructions that specifies a sequence of operations to be carried out in order to solve a problem. Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of program development?

The stages of program development are: Problem Definition, Algorithm Design, Coding, Testing and Debugging, Documentation, and Maintenance. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Syntax' stage of programming refer to? (Select all that apply)

Each programming language has its own unique grammar that must be followed. (B), Involves using logic to design logical instructions. (E) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main notations used to represent algorithms? (Select all that apply)

Flowchart (C), Pseudo-code (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a flowchart in programming?

Flowcharts visually represent the flow of the program and are used in the design phase of development to understand the logic and structure. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main programming methodologies? (Select all that apply)

Functional Programming (A), Event-Driven Programming (B), Structured Programming (C), Procedural Programming (D), Object-Oriented Programming (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

OOP is based on the concept of 'objects,' which contain both data and methods to manipulate that data. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key focus of Functional Programming?

Functional Programming focuses on functions that produce results using pure mathematical functions, avoiding changing state or mutable data. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main applications of C++? (List at least 3)

C++ is primarily used in System Software Development, Game Development, and Embedded Systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of C++ in Game Development?

C++ is used to develop high-performance video games as it efficiently manages memory and optimizes processing speed. Signup and view all the answers

Why is C++ frequently used for Embedded Systems?

C++ offers precise control over hardware while ensuring reliability and performance, making it suitable for developing specialized embedded systems like smartwatches or automotive control systems. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main steps in the process of compiling a C++ program?

The two main steps are Preprocessing and Compilation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a linker in the context of compiling a C++ program?

The linker combines the compiled object files and libraries into a final executable file. Signup and view all the answers

A program with multiple source files is compiled separately, with each file producing an object file, and then the linker combines these object files into a final executable.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the smallest meaningful units of a C++ program called?

Tokens. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of tokens found in C++ code? (List at least 4)

The different types of tokens include Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Operators, Special Symbols, and Literals. Signup and view all the answers

Keywords are reserved words in C++ that cannot be used as identifiers.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of a `const` variable? (Select all that apply)

They require the use of the <code>const</code> keyword in their declaration. (A), They cannot be changed after initialization. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic data types available in C++? (List at least 4)

The basic data types in C++ include: <code>int</code>, <code>float</code>, <code>double</code>, <code>char</code>, and <code>bool</code>. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a `struct` in C++?

A <code>struct</code> allows you to group variables of different types under a single name, creating a user-defined data type that can be used to represent a specific entity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a `class` in C++?

A <code>class</code> acts as a blueprint for creating objects that encapsulate data (member variables) and functions (member functions) to manipulate that data. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a `struct` and a `class` in C++?

The main difference is that the default access specifier for members in a <code>struct</code> is public, while in a <code>class</code>, it is private. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an `enum` in C++?

An <code>enum</code> provides a way to define a set of named integer constants, allowing for more readable and maintainable code. Signup and view all the answers

What is type compatibility in C++?

Type compatibility refers to whether two data types can be assigned or compared without causing errors. Signup and view all the answers

The type compatibility requirements in C++ are strict, and incompatible types often require explicit casting.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a reference variable in C++?

A reference variable is an alias for another variable, providing a way to access the original variable using a different name. Signup and view all the answers

What are the common member dereferencing operators used in C++? (List at least 2)

The common member dereferencing operators include the dot operator (.) and the arrow operator (->). Signup and view all the answers

Memory management operators `new` and `delete` are used to dynamically allocate and deallocate memory during the program's execution, respectively.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are manipulators used for in C++?

Manipulators are used to modify the formatting of input and output streams, allowing you to control how data is displayed without altering the data itself. Signup and view all the answers

What is type casting in C++?

Type casting refers to converting one data type to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a function in C++?

Functions in C++ are reusable blocks of code that allow you to organize programs into modular and manageable segments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function in a C++ program?

The <code>main</code> function is the entry point for execution in a C++ program, where the program begins its flow. Signup and view all the answers

What is function prototyping in C++?

Function prototyping is a declaration of a function that specifies its name, return type, and parameters (if any) without providing the function's body. Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of function prototyping in C++? (Select all that apply)

Increased Flexibility (A), Modular Programming (C), Early Error Detection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Function prototypes should be placed before the main function or in a header file that is included before the main function.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these parameter-passing methods in C++ does not affect the original variable? (Select all that apply)

Call by Value (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key advantage of using Call by Reference in C++?

Call by Reference allows you to modify the original variable directly from within a function. Signup and view all the answers

What is an inline function in C++?

An inline function suggests to the compiler to insert the function's body directly into the calling code instead of performing a traditional function call. Signup and view all the answers

Inline functions are particularly beneficial for small, frequently called functions, as the overhead of a function call might outweigh the execution time of the function itself.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of default arguments in C++?

Default arguments allow a function to be called with fewer arguments than specified in its definition, using default values for missing arguments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of constant arguments in C++?

Constant arguments ensure that the values passed to a function cannot be modified within that function, protecting the original data from accidental changes. Signup and view all the answers

Function overloading allows you to create multiple functions with the same name but different parameter types or counts, enhancing code readability and organization.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you pass an array as a parameter to a function in C++?

When passing an array as a parameter to a function, what is actually passed is a pointer to the first element of the array. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a program?

A set of instructions written in a programming language, designed to solve a problem or accomplish a specific task.

What is programming?

The process of creating instructions for a computer to follow, written in a specific language (e.g., Python, Java) that can be translated into machine code.