30 Questions
From the algorithms the programmer develops the ______
flowcharts
Flow chart is a graphic representations of the ______
algorithms
Using them, the programmer can test the solution for bugs and go on to code the problem into a computer ______
language
A problem analysis chart shows a beginning analysis of the ______
problem
An IPO chart shows the ______, the processing, and the output
input
Pseudocode is similar to the algorithm without the numbers and somewhat ______
condensed
Algorithms show the sequence of instructions comprising the ______
solution
Internal documentation consists of remarks written with the instructions to explain what is being done in the ______
program
A flowchart will show errors in logic not readily visible in the other ______
charts
Flowcharts are graphic representations of the ______
algorithms
Pseudocode represents a language-like ______
solution
When the programmer does not use these tools during the problemsolving process, the solution takes longer to ______
program
______ is used to consolidate data for a problem.
Problem analysis chart
Use an ____ chart to designate the input, processing, module number, and output for a solution of a problem.
IPO
Use ______ to develop the instructions for each module in the solution of a problem.
algorithms
Drawing ______ helps visualize the steps in a solution.
flowcharts
______ is a way to describe the steps in a solution using a mix of natural language and programming language.
pseudocode
List and describe the eight basic tools used in this book to aid in the development of a solution to a problem: 1. Problem analysis chart 2. IPO chart 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. Algorithms 6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______
flowcharts, pseudocode, internal and external documentation
A good way to analyze a problem is to separate it into __ parts, shown in the problem analysis chart (PAC).
four
The gross pay of an employee is calculated by multiplying the hours worked by the rate of __.
pay
Problem 1: Write a Problem Analysis Chart (PAC) to convert the distance in miles to __ where 1.609 kilometers per mile.
kilometers
Problem 2: Write a Problem Analysis Chart (PAC) to find the area of a circle where area = pi * radius * __.
radius
Interactivity Chart divides the processing into subtasks called __ and then connects these modules together to show the interaction of processing between the modules.
modules
Each module in the Interactivity Chart should contain the tasks to accomplish one function, such as entering data, printing results, or calculating __.
results
This breakdown enables you to view a complex problem in simpler parts and to program smaller, simpler parts of a program rather than one large, complex program. Developing the ___________ chart.
IPO
The IPO (input-processing-output) chart extends and organizes the information in the problem analysis chart. It shows in more detail what data items are input, what processing takes place on that data, and what information will be the end result, the output. The IPO chart also shows where in the solution the processing takes place. IPO CHART ___________ PAY.
GROSS
After using the interactivity chart and the IPO chart, the next step in organizing a solution is for the programmer to develop sets of instructions for the computer, called ___________.
algorithms
To complete all of the algorithms needed to solve a problem, the programmer writes a separate set of instructions for each module in the structure chart. The instructions cannot assume anything, cannot skip steps, must be executable one step at a time, and must be ___________.
complete
The modules are taken from the interactivity chart, and the processing is taken from the IPO chart. The algorithms pull the interactivity chart and the IPO chart together to give a logical step-by-step solution. WRITING ___________.
ALGORITHM
Control module uses an End since this is the end of the processing. The other modules use Exit because the processing continues. WRITING ___________.
ALGORITHM
Study Notes
Problem Analysis and Solution
- Breaking down a complex problem into simpler parts enables easier programming and organization of the solution.
- The problem analysis chart (PAC) is used to consolidate data for a problem, and it consists of four parts: given data, required results, processing required, and solution alternatives.
IPO Chart
- The IPO (Input-Processing-Output) chart extends and organizes the information in the problem analysis chart.
- It shows the input data, processing, and output information, including where the processing takes place.
Algorithms
- Algorithms are sets of instructions for the computer, developed from the IPO chart and structure chart.
- Each module in the structure chart has a separate set of instructions.
- Algorithms must be complete, executable one step at a time, and cannot assume anything or skip steps.
Flowcharts
- Flowcharts are graphic representations of algorithms.
- They are used to test the solution for bugs and to code the problem into a computer language.
- Flowcharts can show errors in logic not readily visible in other charts.
Pseudocode
- Pseudocode is similar to an algorithm, but without numbers and condensed.
- It is used to develop the instructions for each module in the solution.
Internal and External Documentation
- Internal documentation consists of remarks written with the instructions to explain the program.
- External documentation includes manuals or help menus written about the solution.
Communicating with the Computer
- Computers do not understand English, so programmers must learn the computer's language.
- Incorrect instructions can result in error messages, wrong answers, or no answer at all.
- Syntax refers to the rules governing the computer operating system, language, and application.
- Errors are called bugs, and debugging is the process of finding and correcting them.
Organizing the Solution
- A programmer uses various tools to organize the solution, including:
- Problem analysis chart
- Structure chart or interactivity chart
- IPO chart
- Algorithms
- Flowcharts
- Pseudocode
- These tools help to create a more efficient and readable solution.
Analyzing the Problem
- A good way to analyze a problem is to separate it into four parts: given data, required results, processing required, and solution alternatives.
- The problem analysis chart is used to analyze the problem and set up the most efficient solution.
Interactivity Chart
- The interactivity chart (structure chart) divides the processing into subtasks called modules and connects them to show the interaction of processing between the modules.
- Each module should contain tasks to accomplish one function, such as entering data, printing results, or calculating results.
- One module controls the flow to most of the other modules, known as the Control or Main module.
Learn about syntax, errors, debugging, and organizing solutions in programming. Understand the rules governing computer operating systems and applications. Get familiar with common programming tools like problem analysis charts.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
