Introduction to Politics and Science
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Questions and Answers

What does the concept of individual freedom in Liberalism primarily aim to protect against?

  • Social inequality
  • Economic exploitation
  • Interference of the state (correct)
  • Group rights

    • Which thinker is associated with the idea of contract theory that excluded women?

  • Thomas Hobbes (correct)
  • John Locke
  • Karl Marx
  • John Stuart Mill

    • What is the primary goal of Rawls' Theory of Justice?

  • To balance individual freedom with the promotion of equality (correct)
  • To prevent any form of government intervention
  • To establish a definitive social class hierarchy
  • To promote absolute individual freedom without limitations

    • The 'veil of ignorance' in Rawls' theory is meant to ensure a focus on what aspect of justice?

    <p>Fairness without biased personal interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does contemporary liberal movements, such as Black Lives Matter, aim to achieve?

    <p>Promotion of individual rights and protections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does affect have on voter engagement?

    <p>It enhances personal connection, potentially increasing turnout. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of negative partisanship?

    <p>Voting primarily against another party. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological trait is associated with someone who is inventive and curious?

    <p>Openness to experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the concept of individualistic voting behavior?

    <p>Voters consider what benefits themselves and their group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is characterized by being organized and efficient as opposed to extravagant?

    <p>Conscientiousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one criticism directed at Rawls' principles of justice according to Okin's Liberal Feminism?

    <p>They do not address family as a political institution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does Sandel emphasize as essential for a just democracy?

    <p>Deliberation and public discourse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the ecological critique mentioned, what is a major flaw of traditional liberalism?

    <p>It is based on constant growth, leading to ecological harm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Chamberlain's example of higher ticket prices illustrate about freedom?

    <p>Freedom allows individuals to make financial choices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately reflects the Marxist critique of liberalism?

    <p>It benefits the bourgeoisie, or capital owners. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cost/benefit analysis considered highly effective in Economics?

    <p>It facilitates understanding of trade-offs in economic outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key assumption about rational actors is challenged in the context of Political Science?

    <p>Rational actors always have complete knowledge of their preferences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of 'bounded rationality' relate to the challenges of rationality?

    <p>It indicates limits on how much information individuals can process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences citizens’ satisfaction with democracy according to the discussion about political institutions?

    <p>Fairness in the government processes is a significant metric. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research question is posed regarding constitutional rules and early election calling?

    <p>Do constitutional rules affect citizen satisfaction with democracy? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key characteristic distinguishes socialism from totalitarianism?

    <p>Class divisions as a basis for political order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically assessed when measuring varieties of democracy?

    <p>Cultural Change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of the path from authoritarianism to democracy?

    <p>Change in socioeconomic factors and institutional design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Inglehart, modernization leads to changes in individuals' values. What does this transformation include?

    <p>Shifts in personal expectations and societal norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall purpose of evaluating the governance through the electoral democracy dimension?

    <p>To analyze the effectiveness of electoral participation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does diffuse support primarily refer to?

    <p>Long-standing attachment to a political object for its own sake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes specific support?

    <p>It is performance-based and can be short-term in nature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does legitimacy play in the context of government?

    <p>It indicates the extent to which citizens trust their government to do what is right. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause a lack of specific support to affect general feelings about a political system?

    <p>Dissatisfaction with recent elections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is diffuse support important during times of poor government performance?

    <p>It provides a buffer against total disillusionment with government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is closely associated with citizenship values?

    <p>Maximum feasible freedom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'evaluational preference' refer to in democratic systems?

    <p>Citizens' satisfaction with their government based on performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of 'maximum feasible freedom' relate to democratic governance?

    <p>It promotes the idea that individuals should have the freedom to express themselves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Politics

    • Politics depends on modes of thinking and investigation
    • Epistemology is the study of knowledge and its methods
    • Core concepts include empirical and rigorous use of data, qualitative and quantitative analysis.

    What is Science?

    • Science aims to understand the world through a rigorous and replicable methodology.
    • Scientific method involves objective analysis to understand relationships.

    What is Wrong with Common Sense?

    • Common sense relies on logic and experience, but may be limited by inaccurate observation and reasoning.

    Scientific Method

    • A transparent and replicable research design is crucial for scientific studies.
    • The goal is to identify and explain relationships, and infer valid conclusions.
    • Objectivity is essential to eliminate personal bias.
    • Political phenomena are complex and require careful consideration of context and significance

    Principle N.1

    • The scientific method is a rigorous approach, not a tool.
    • Subjectivity plays a role but is not desirable.
    • Objectivity means avoiding personal prejudices and biases.

    Principle N.2

    • Scientific studies strive for transparency and replicability.
    • All analysis methods, qualitative and quantitative, are inherently subjective.

    Principle N.3

    • Politics is an area of scrutiny regarding levels of scientific debates from descriptions of events.
    • Methodology involves examining ways of discovering knowledge.

    Scientific Study of Politics is Crucial

    • Many political phenomena have multiple potential explanations.
    • To study politics using a scientific approach, it is crucial to be explicit with how we do it, rather than implicit.
    • Scientific analysis includes aspects of observation, collection, and testing of arguments.

    What is Politics?

    • The collective action of the individuals.
    • Assumption of a defined community and a common good. Includes negotiation and compromise or the exertion of power and domination.

    Theory in Social Sciences

    • Theories provide explanations for phenomena.
    • They are necessarily simplified.
    • Theories are tested against competing theories through observations and experiments.

    Core Concepts: Conceptualisation

    • Define the idea/concept to be studied.
    • This needs to be clear and applicable to all observations.

    Core Concepts: Operationalisation

    • Develop a quantifiable/observable measure of the concept.
    • Use the measurement in a way that is consistent, replicable, and that allows comparison.

    Political Ideology

    • It is a system of beliefs about the role of government in society and the economy.
    • It often organizes political positions.
    • Ideologies provide a framework for understanding and evaluating political events and issues.

    Political Culture

    • Political culture are a set of shared public beliefs and norms.

    Political Institutions

    • These include formal structures, such as electoral systems and constitutions, and unwritten norms and practices.
    • They shape the behavior of political actors and constrain choices.

    Citizen Participation

    • Participation is a key component of democratic governance, and it comes in varying forms.
    • It can include voting, contacting representatives, protesting, and volunteering for campaigns.

    Political Communication

    • It explores how media shape public opinion, attitudes, and beliefs.
    • It focuses on the role and effects of media in political contexts.

    Media and Democracy

    • Media play a crucial role in shaping political attitudes and behaviors.
    • The form and content of media have significant impacts on political outcomes.

    Globalisation

    • Globalisation has implications for governance and diplomacy.
    • Globalisation necessitates international diplomacy.

    Globalization, IOs and Diplomacy

    • International institutions aim to facilitate cooperation and regulate state behavior.
    • International cooperation is crucial in responding to global challenges like climate change and the spread of diseases.

    Varieties of Regimes

    • Different types of regimes (political systems) exist.
    • These include democracies and authoritarian regimes.

    The act of Voting

    • Voting is a form of political participation.
    • Understanding how and why people vote is crucial.

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    Introduction to Politics PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of politics and science, delving into epistemology, the scientific method, and the limitations of common sense. Participants will learn how rigorous methodologies are essential for understanding political phenomena and scientific inquiry. Test your knowledge on the intricate relationship between these fields and their approaches.

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