Introduction to Political Science

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Questions and Answers

Who is considered the Father of Modern Political Science?

John Locke

Thomas Hobbes

Niccolo Machiavelli (correct)

Aristotle

Which term refers to a group of people sharing the same history, culture, and language?

Nation (correct)

State

Society

Government

In which form of government does a monarch represent the state while a prime minister acts as the head of government?

Parliamentary (correct)

Theocracy

Monarchy

Democracy

What is the primary focus of political science?

Study of the state and government Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'sovereignty' in the context of government?

Supreme authority within a territory Signup and view all the answers

What does governance primarily rely on for the well-being of society?

Authority of political leaders Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of government refers to the personnel involved?

Government Personnel Signup and view all the answers

Globalization is primarily driven by which factors?

International trade and investment Signup and view all the answers

What does internal sovereignty primarily refer to?

The authority to command within its jurisdiction Signup and view all the answers

Which type of power in leadership is based on the compliance due to admiration or identification with an agent?

Referent Power Signup and view all the answers

What element defines the authority of a state to enforce laws over its people?

Sovereignty Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conservatism focuses on social and economic policies designed to benefit ordinary people while preserving established institutions?

One-Nation Conservatism Signup and view all the answers

In what way does liberalism emphasize political equality?

By ensuring everyone has equal rights under the law Signup and view all the answers

How does coercive power influence a person's compliance within a leadership context?

Through the avoidance of punishment Signup and view all the answers

Which element of state refers to the physical area where a government exercises authority?

Territory Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of liberal conservatism?

Combines conservative policies with liberal economic stances Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Politics Overview

Politics involves human relationships and social interactions.
Niccolò Machiavelli is recognized as the Father of Modern Political Science.
Aristotle is known as the Father of Political Science.
Politics is one of the first organizations created by humans.

Origin of Political Terms

Polis refers to a city-state that is an independent political society.
Politiks denotes citizens.
Politikos means government officials.

Political Science

The field studies the state and governance mechanisms.
Political scientists are experts within this discipline.

Government vs. Governance

Government: Formal institutions and the individuals making political decisions for society.
Governance: Authority derived from political leaders aimed at societal well-being.

Aspects of Government

Government Personnel: Refers to individuals within government roles.
Government Machinery: Comprises government departments, offices, and agencies.

Types of Government Systems

Democratic: Rule by the people.
Monarchy: Ruled by a king with hereditary succession.
Parliamentary: Electing a prime minister while a monarch represents the state.
Theocracy: Joint governance by church and state.

Nation and State

Nation: A group of people sharing common characteristics such as history, culture, and language.
State: A community of nations occupying a specific territory with a government that is obeyed by its inhabitants.

Globalization

Refers to the interaction and integration of individuals, businesses, and governments across countries, driven by international trade and advancements in information technology.

Sovereignty

A sovereign government has distinct authority over a defined territory and a monopoly on violence.
Internal Sovereignty: Control within its jurisdiction.
External Sovereignty: Autonomy from outside control.

Elements of a State

People: The community constituting the state.
Territory: Physical land under the state's control.
Government: Political agency that administers policies and laws.
Sovereignty: The state's power to enforce laws over its population.

Power and Leadership

Power is neutral; its impact depends on usage.
Reward Power: Compliance for rewards.
Coercive Power: Compliance to avoid punishment.
Legitimate Power: Compliance based on recognized authority.
Expert Power: Compliance due to trust in the agent’s expertise.
Referent Power: Compliance stemming from admiration or the desire for approval.

Political Ideologies

Conservatism: Seeks to maintain traditional values and create stability without rapid change.
- Focuses on protecting established norms against modernization.

Types of Conservatism

Traditional Conservatism: Emphasizes the protection of cultural norms against liberal changes.
One-Nation Conservatism: Advocates for established institutions and programs to benefit the general populace.
Liberal Conservatism: Combines conservative and liberal policies, especially in economic and social areas.
Liberalism: A political philosophy grounded in individual rights, liberty, political equality, and rule of law.
- Principles of Liberalism:
  - Liberty
  - Individualism
  - Skepticism towards power
  - Rule of law
  - Equality before the law.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of political science, including key contributors like Machiavelli and Aristotle, as well as essential political terms. Explore the distinctions between government and governance, and understand the role of political scientists in studying state mechanisms.