Introduction to Physiology Quiz

The scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.

The study of the structures that make up the body and their relationships.

The stability of the internal environment despite external changes.

Claude Bernard's concept of internal environment stability.

Hierarchy of complexity from atoms to complete organisms.

Study of physiological functions specifically in humans.

Study of physiological functions in animals other than humans.

Study of physiological functions in plants.

Basic building blocks of matter, smallest units of elements.

Groups of atoms bonded together, forming the smallest unit of a compound.

The smallest independent unit of life, responsible for basic functions.

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

A structure composed of two or more tissue types working together for a specific function.

Includes skin, hair, and nails; protects and regulates temperature.

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; regulates body systems.

Glands like pituitary and thyroid that secrete hormones.

Composed of bones and cartilage; provides movement and support.

Made up of muscles; facilitates movement of skeleton.

Includes the heart and blood vessels; transports blood and lymph.

Defends the body against pathogens; includes bone marrow and lymphoid organs.

Basic unit of life composed of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and inclusions.

Substances found outside of the cell that support its structure.

A thin bilayer that separates the cell's interior from its environment.

The ability of the membrane to allow some substances to pass while blocking others.

Movement across the membrane that does not require energy.

Movement requiring energy (ATP) to transport substances against the concentration gradient.

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration without energy.

Transport of larger molecules through a membrane via protein channels, without energy.

Pumping substances against their gradient; requires ATP energy.

The ER is a network that facilitates intracellular transport and storage of synthesized molecules, with two types: granular (protein synthesis) and agranular (lipid synthesis and detoxification).

A series of membranous sacs that process, sort, package, and deliver proteins to various parts of the cell.

The energy-generating organelles with a smooth outer membrane and inner membrane folded into cristae, containing a matrix.

Membrane-enclosed spheres formed from the Golgi complex containing digestive enzymes to break down molecules.

A dense area near the nucleus containing centrioles, involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division.

A carrier protein that moves sodium out and potassium into cells, using ATP.

Process of taking substances into the cell via vesicles formed by the plasma membrane.

A type of endocytosis known as 'cell drinking,' taking in liquids.

A type of endocytosis known as 'cell eating,' engulfing large particles or pathogens.

Process of removing substances from the cell by vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

The jelly-like substance inside the cell, containing organelles and suspended particles.

Specialized structures within cells that perform distinct functions for growth and maintenance.

The largest organelle, controlling cell activities and containing genetic material.