Introduction to Physics
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Questions and Answers

A hockey puck slides across frictionless ice at a constant velocity. Which of Newton's Laws best explains this?

  • Newton's Law of Gravitation: Explains the attraction between the puck and the Earth.
  • Newton's Second Law: $F = ma$ implies constant velocity requires constant force.
  • Newton's Third Law: The puck's motion produces an equal and opposite reaction.
  • Newton's First Law: An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force. (correct)

A closed system undergoes a process where it absorbs 500 J of heat and performs 200 J of work. According to the first law of thermodynamics, what is the change in internal energy of the system?

  • -300 J
  • 700 J
  • -700 J
  • 300 J (correct)

Two objects collide in an isolated system. Object A loses momentum. What happens to the momentum of Object B?

  • Object B gains more momentum than Object A lost.
  • Object B gains the same amount of momentum that Object A lost. (correct)
  • Object B's momentum remains unchanged.
  • Object B also loses momentum.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principle of convection?

<p>Warm air rising and cold air sinking in a room. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car accelerates from rest to a certain speed. Which of the following is true about its kinetic energy?

<p>The kinetic energy increases proportional to the square of the speed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A book is resting on a table. Which of Newton's Laws explains why the table is able to hold the book up?

<p>Newton's Third Law: The table exerts an upward force on the book, equal and opposite to the book's weight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within thermodynamics, entropy is a measure of disorder. Which of the following best describes the behavior of entropy in an isolated system?

<p>Entropy tends to increase over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios involves primarily potential energy being converted into kinetic energy?

<p>A ball dropping from a height. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the principle of electromagnetic induction?

<p>Generating electricity by moving a magnet near a coil of wire. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering wave optics, which phenomenon explains why a small object can cast a shadow with fuzzy edges when illuminated by a point source of light?

<p>Diffraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of quantum mechanics, what is the most accurate interpretation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

<p>It is fundamentally impossible to simultaneously know the precise position and momentum of a particle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does general relativity explain the observed bending of light around massive objects?

<p>Gravity from massive objects curves spacetime, and light follows this curvature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A resistor with a fixed resistance of $R$ ohms has a voltage $V$ applied across it. If the voltage is doubled, how is the current, $I$, affected according to Ohm's Law?

<p>The current is doubled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between electric fields and electric charges?

<p>Electric fields are created by electric charges and exert forces on other charges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is capacitance and what is its primary function in electrical circuits?

<p>The ability of a system to store electric charge; accumulating electrical energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In special relativity, how does the observed length of a moving object change for a stationary observer?

<p>The length shortens in the direction of motion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the principle of wave-particle duality?

<p>Electrons creating an interference pattern when passed through a double slit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation $E = mc^2$ describe, and what are the implications of this relationship?

<p>The equivalence of mass and energy, indicating that mass can be converted into energy and vice versa. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Physics?

Study of matter, energy, motion, and forces; aims to understand the universe's behavior.

What is Kinematics?

Describes motion with displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

What is Dynamics?

Studies the causes of motion using forces (Newton's Laws).

Newton's First Law

Object stays at rest or in motion unless acted on by a force.

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Newton's Second Law

Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma).

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Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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What is Work?

Energy transferred by a force causing displacement.

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Conservation of Energy

Total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

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Thermodynamics

The study of heat, work, and energy transfer.

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Electric Charge

Fundamental property causing electromagnetic force.

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Coulomb's Law

Force between electric charges.

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Resistance

Opposition to electric current flow.

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Refraction

Bending of light as it passes mediums.

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Interference

Superposition of waves.

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Diffraction

Bending of waves around obstacles.

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Quantization

Energy, momentum and angular momentum are restricted to discrete values.

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Wave-particle Duality

Particles exhibit wave properties, and waves exhibit particle properties.

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Mass-Energy Equivalence

Energy and mass are interchangeable.

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Description

A comprehensive introduction to physics, covering core concepts such as mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, quantum mechanics, and relativity. Physics is a natural science that studies matter, its motion, and behavior through space and time, aiming to understand the universe's behavior.

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