Introduction to Physics: Core Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios primarily involves principles of classical mechanics?

  • Analyzing the behavior of electrons in a semiconductor.
  • Understanding the energy production in the Sun.
  • Determining the radioactive decay rate of uranium.
  • Calculating the trajectory of a baseball. (correct)

A positively charged particle is moving through a magnetic field. Which of the following is a direct consequence of this?

  • The particle will experience a force perpendicular to both its velocity and the magnetic field. (correct)
  • The particle's speed will uniformly increase while moving in the magnetic field.
  • The particle will emit electromagnetic radiation.
  • The particle will neutralize nearby charged particles.

Two systems, A and B, are separately in thermal equilibrium with system C. What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics predict about systems A and B?

  • A and B will have different temperatures as they equilibrate with each other.
  • Heat will spontaneously flow from A to B, or from B to A, until equilibrium is reached.
  • The total energy of A plus B will equal the energy of C.
  • A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. (correct)

In an isolated system, what does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about entropy?

<p>Entropy tends to increase over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios requires the application of quantum mechanics rather than classical mechanics to accurately predict its behavior?

<p>Understanding electron tunneling through a barrier. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car accelerates from rest to 20 m/s in 5 seconds. Which of Newton's Laws of Motion is primarily demonstrated in this scenario?

<p>Newton's Second Law (F=ma). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A spaceship travels past Earth at a constant velocity of 0.8c. An astronaut on the spaceship measures the ship's length to be 100 meters. What length would an observer on Earth measure for the spaceship?

<p>60 meters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A metal rod is heated at one end. Which of the following describes the primary mode of heat transfer within the rod?

<p>Conduction, through molecular vibrations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An electron's position is known with an uncertainty of $1 \times 10^{-10}$ meters. What is the minimum uncertainty in its momentum?

<p>$5.27 \times 10^{-25} kg \cdot m/s$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A photon and an electron have the same wavelength. Which of the following statements is true regarding their momenta?

<p>The photon and the electron have the same momentum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon explains why a lower pitched sound is observed when a source of sound is moving away from an observer?

<p>Doppler Effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 2 kg mass is converted entirely into energy. Approximately, how much energy is released?

<p>$1.8 \times 10^{17} J$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principle of time dilation?

<p>A clock on a moving train ticks slower than a clock on a stationary platform. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Physics?

Study of matter, energy, motion, and forces; aims to understand the universe's behavior.

What is Kinematics?

Describes motion of objects without considering causes.

What is Dynamics?

Studies motion's causes, like forces & torques.

What is Electric Charge?

Fundamental matter property; causes electric forces.

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What are Magnetic Fields?

Fields produced by moving charges exert forces.

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What is Electromagnetic Induction?

Changing magnetic fields create electric fields.

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What is Temperature?

Measure of average kinetic energy of particles.

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What is Heat?

Energy transfer due to temperature differences.

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Quantization

Energy, momentum, and angular momentum can only take specific, distinct values, not continuous ones.

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Wave-Particle Duality

Particles can act like waves, and waves can act like particles.

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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

The more accurately you know a particle's position, the less accurately you know its momentum, and vice versa.

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Time Dilation

Time slows down for moving objects relative to stationary observers.

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Gravity in General Relativity

Gravity is not just a force but a curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy.

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Study Notes

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