Introduction to Physics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of physics?

  • Exploring the depths of the oceans and atmosphere.
  • Developing new technologies and inventions.
  • Classifying all known elements and compounds.
  • Understanding and predicting the behavior of the universe. (correct)

A car accelerates from rest to a velocity of 20 m/s in 5 seconds. If the car's mass is 1500 kg, what is the net force acting on it?

  • 6000 N (correct)
  • 3000 N
  • 7500 N
  • 15000 N

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Newton's Third Law of Motion?

  • A car maintaining a constant speed on a straight road.
  • A ball rolling down a slope with increasing speed.
  • A stationary book resting on a table.
  • A rocket accelerating upwards by expelling gases downwards. (correct)

A 2 kg ball is lifted to a height of 3 meters. What kind of energy is changed and how much energy did it gain?

<p>Potential energy, 58.8 Joules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the concept of conservation of momentum in a closed system?

<p>Total momentum remains constant if no external forces act on the system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the first law of thermodynamics, what happens when heat is added to a closed system?

<p>The change in internal energy equals the heat added minus the work done by the system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary method of heat transfer in a solid metal?

<p>Conduction, through direct contact and molecular vibrations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the Zeroth Law and Second Law of Thermodynamics related?

<p>The Zeroth Law defines thermal equilibrium which is a prerequisite for applying the Second Law. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A metal rod is heated at one end. Which heat transfer method primarily explains the heat propagation through the rod itself?

<p>Conduction, involving energy transfer through molecular vibrations and electron collisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two charged particles are separated by a distance $r$. If the charge of one particle is doubled and the distance between them is also doubled, how does the electrostatic force change, according to Coulomb's Law?

<p>It is halved. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wire carries a steady electric current. What is the primary source of the magnetic field surrounding the wire?

<p>The drift motion of electrons within the wire. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Maxwell's equations, what phenomenon explains the generation of an electric field by a changing magnetic field?

<p>Electromagnetic Induction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When light passes from air into glass, it bends. What is the primary reason for this bending?

<p>Refraction, which occurs due to the change in the speed of light. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a double-slit experiment, what phenomenon causes the formation of bright and dark fringes on the screen?

<p>Diffraction of light around the edges of the slits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle fundamentally state about the simultaneous measurement of a particle's position and momentum?

<p>The product of the uncertainties in a particle's position and momentum has a lower bound. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two entangled particles are separated by a large distance. If a measurement is made on one particle, instantly determining its state, what does this imply about the state of the other particle, according to quantum entanglement?

<p>The act of measuring the first particle instantaneously influences the state of the second particle, correlating their properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the postulates of special relativity, how do the laws of physics appear to observers in different inertial frames of reference?

<p>The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does strong gravitational time dilation affect the passage of time near a black hole compared to that experienced by an observer far away from the black hole?

<p>Time passes slower near the black hole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Physics?

Study of matter, energy, space, and time; aims to understand the universe's behavior.

Kinematics

Describes motion (displacement, velocity, acceleration) without considering causes.

Dynamics

Relates motion to its causes, mainly forces, using Newton's Laws.

Newton's First Law

Object at rest stays at rest; object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force.

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Newton's Second Law

Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).

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Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy is conserved; ΔU = Q - W (change in internal energy equals heat added minus work done).

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Conduction

The transfer of heat through a material via direct contact.

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Radiation

Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves.

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Coulomb's Law

Force between charges is proportional to charge product, inversely proportional to distance squared.

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Ohm's Law

Voltage equals current times resistance: V = IR.

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Refraction

Bending of light as it enters a different medium.

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Diffraction

Bending of waves around obstacles or openings.

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Quantization

Physical quantities take only discrete values.

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Wave-Particle Duality

Particles can act as waves, and waves as particles.

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Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Cannot know position and momentum of a particle simultaneously.

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Time Dilation

Time slows for moving objects relative to a stationary observer.

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Description

Physics is a natural science that studies matter, its motion, and behavior through space and time, focusing on energy and force. It seeks to understand the fundamental behaviors of the universe through core concepts like mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics.

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