Introduction to Physics

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principle of conservation of momentum?

Two billiard balls collide on a frictionless table, and one stops while the other moves. (correct)
A rocket expels exhaust gases to propel itself forward in space.
A ball is dropped from a height and bounces off the ground.
A car accelerates from rest to a constant velocity.

A cyclist is riding at a constant velocity on a level road. According to Newton’s first law, what is the net force acting on the cyclist?

Equal to the force applied by the cyclist's legs
Zero (correct)
Equal to the cyclist's weight
Proportional to the cyclist's velocity

In a closed thermodynamic system, if 500 J of heat are added to the system and the system performs 300 J of work, what is the change in internal energy of the system?

800 J
-200 J
200 J (correct)
-800 J

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the concept of temperature?

It is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A 2 kg ball is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 15 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, what is the kinetic energy of the ball at the instant it is thrown?

225 J (B) Signup and view all the answers

A block slides down an inclined plane at a constant speed. Which of the following statements is true about the forces acting on the block?

The net force on the block is zero. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Two systems, A and B, are in thermal equilibrium with system C. Which of the following statements is supported by the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

System A and System B are in thermal equilibrium with each other. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a situation where potential energy is converted into kinetic energy?

A ball rolling down a hill. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A metal rod is heated at one end. Which heat transfer method primarily contributes to the heat propagation along the rod?

Conduction, through direct contact of the metal atoms. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A positively charged object is brought near a neutral metallic sphere. Which of the following describes the distribution of charge on the sphere?

Negative charge will accumulate on the side of the sphere closest to the object, and positive charge on the opposite side. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A wave travels from one medium to another, where its speed decreases. What happens to its wavelength and frequency?

Wavelength decreases, frequency remains constant. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the practical application of wave interference?

The operation of noise-canceling headphones. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, what is the fundamental limit on the accuracy with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle can be known?

The product of the uncertainties in position and momentum must be greater than or equal to half of the reduced Planck's constant. (B) Signup and view all the answers

An astronaut is traveling at a significant fraction of the speed of light relative to an observer on Earth. According to special relativity, which of the following effects will the Earth-bound observer notice regarding the astronaut's clock and physical dimensions in the direction of motion?

The astronaut's clock runs slower, and their length appears shorter. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in the nuclear processes that power nuclear power plants and the energy production in the Sun?

Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission, while the Sun uses nuclear fusion. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of Maxwell's Equations describes how electric fields can be generated by changing magnetic fields?

Faraday's law of induction (C) Signup and view all the answers

A system's entropy is found to be decreasing. What can be said about the system?

The system is not isolated. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Given the mass-energy equivalence formula, $E=mc^2$, how does the energy released change if the amount of mass converted is doubled, and the speed of light is halved?

The energy released is halved. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Physics?

Study of matter, energy, and their interactions.

Classical Mechanics

Motion of macroscopic objects under forces.