Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to ancient Greek philosophers, what is man considered to be?
What did Leucippus & Democritus coin in philosophy?
What aspect of reality does Metaphysics investigate?
What question does Cosmology seek to answer?
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What is the main focus of Theodicy in philosophy?
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According to atomists, what are atoms composed of?
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What is the material cause according to Aristotle's Four Causes?
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Which philosophical period was characterized as Cosmo-centric?
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What does philosophy focus on, according to the text?
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Who is known as a prominent figure in the Anthropocentric period of philosophy?
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What marks the transition from philosophy to theology?
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During which ancient period did Socratic philosophers like Thales and Pythagoras exist?
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What did Socrates say is the feeling of a philosopher?
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Which type of knowledge is considered the lowest kind?
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What does the term 'Philosophy' mean when broken down to its roots?
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Intellectual pursuit in Philosophy is primarily focused on:
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Which Greek philosopher and mathematician was the first to use the term 'Philosophy'?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Philosophy
- Human beings are naturally inquisitive, and philosophy starts with wonder, which leads to questioning and critical thinking.
- Philosophy is about questioning and seeking answers, not just finding answers.
Philia and Sophia
- Philia means love, which seeks unity with the object and desires to possess it.
- Sophia means wisdom, which is the good exercise or application of knowledge.
- Philosophy is the love of wisdom, seeking truth and unity with the object of knowledge.
Different Forms of Knowledge
- Doxa or Opinion: common understanding or common sense, lacks proper justification.
- Episteme or Scientific Knowledge: grounded or justified assertions, proven by scientific method.
- Techne or Technical Knowledge: practical expertise or skill.
- Sophia or Wisdom: good exercise or application of knowledge.
Ancient Greek Philosophers
- Pythagoras coined the term "philosophy".
- Leucippus and Democritus: atomists who believed matter is composed of tiny, imperceptible, indivisible, eternal, and uncreated atoms.
- Ancient Greeks understood man in the context of the world, as a microcosm.
Branches of Philosophy
Metaphysics
- Investigates the fundamental nature of reality, being, and existence.
- Deals with questions about the non-physical world and reality.
Cosmology
- Study of the universe, its origin, dynamics, and laws that govern its order.
- Known as the "theory of the universe".
Theodicy
- Studies the nature, being, goodness, and justice of God in the light of reason alone.
- Examines God and man's relationship and other doctrines related to divinity.
Aristotle's Four Causes
- Material Cause: the material out of which the thing exists.
- Efficient Cause: the mover that causes the thing to be or happen.
- Formal Cause: the form in which the thing is arranged.
- Final Cause: the purpose for which the thing exists.
Definition of Philosophy
- Philosophy is the science of all things or beings in their ultimate causes or principles acquired by the natural light of reason alone.
Brief History of Philosophy
- Ancient Period (600-300AD): Cosmo-centric, thinkers like Thales, Pythagoras, and Socratic philosophers.
- Medieval Period (300-1400AD): Theo-centric, thinkers like St. Anselm, Aquinas, and St. Augustine.
- Modern Period (1500-1800AD): Anthropocentric, thinkers like René Descartes, John Locke, and Karl Marx.
- Contemporary Period (1900-present): Analytic Philosophy, focusing on language and natural sciences, with thinkers like Leo Tolstoy, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Edmund Husserl.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the basics of philosophy with this quiz covering fundamental concepts such as intellect, freewill, questioning, critical thinking, and the origins of philosophy in ancient Greece.
