Introduction to Philosophy: Origins and Principles

• Philosophy encompasses principles, perspectives, and beliefs.
• Philosophy can be counter-balanced by actions based on conscience, generosity, and peaceful communication.

True Pilosopo

• A true Pilosopo, according to Mabaquiao, reasons to discover the truth.

Origin of Philosophy

• Pythagoras coined the term Philosophy.

Common Meanings of Philosophy

• Philosophy commonly refers to ideas, beliefs, perspectives, and the activity of reasoning.

Practicing Philosophy

• Practicing philosophy involves questioning everything to broaden one's knowledge.

Good Philosophy in Life

• A lawyer who uses powerful rhetoric to evade the truth lacks good philosophy in life.

Aristotle's Definition of Philosophy

• According to Aristotle, philosophy investigates the ultimate causes, principles, and reasons of all things through human reason alone.

Philosophy's Toolkit

• Philosophy as a science uses human reason as its toolkit.

The Good, the Right, and the Legal

• "Thou shall not kill" is related to the notion of what is right.

Standards of Morality

• Personal standards define what is considered moral.

Tendency to Steal

• The tendency to steal to feed one's family is an example of morality.

Legal Definition

• "Legal" is best associated with the concept of law.

Code of Conduct

• Morality is a code of conduct from society, a group, or an individual.

Meaning of Good

• "Good" is best defined as happiness.

Honesty

• "Be honest!" relates to the idea of morality.

Meaning of Right

• "Right" is best defined as entitlement.

Studying

• "We should study always" is related to morality.

Wearing an ID

• Wearing an ID to school is an example of morality.

Branches of Ethics

• Metaethics, applied ethics and normative ethics are all branches of ethics. Bioethics is NOT.

Normative Ethics Example

• "Thou shall not kill concerns normative ethics.

Focus of Ethics Branches

• Normative ethics focuses on creating standards.

Ethical Relativism

• The acceptability of polygamy in some places but not others relates to metaethics.

General Subjects in Ethics

• Metaethics, applied ethics, and normative ethics are general subjects in the field of ethics.

Ethics examples

• Business ethics, medical ethics, and environmental ethics are all types of ethics.

Alternate Term for Ethics

• Ethics is sometimes referred to as moral philosophy.

Abortion in Ethics

• Abortion is a crucial topic in applied ethics.

Focus of Ethics Branches

• Meta-ethics investigates the meaning of ethical principles.

Goal of Ethics Branches

• Metaethics investigates the origin and meaning of ethical principles.

Decision-Making Dilemmas

• Deciding between saving one's child or wife is a true dilemma.

Real Dilemma Example

• A real dilemma could be represented by deciding whether to eat or diet.

Love Triangle

• Being torn between two lovers is considered a true dilemma.

Moral Agent

• A moral agent is concerned impartially with everyone's interests.

Responsibility of a Moral Agent

• The responsibility of a moral agent involves being impartial and listening to facts.

Moral Agency

• A judge who imprisons a father who stole to feed his family may have failed to be a responsible moral agent.

False Dilemma

• "Should I sleep or go to class" is an example of a false dilemma.

Emotion vs. Reason

• The issue between emotion and reason is a debate in psychological issues.

Euthanasia

• Euthanasia is a true dilemma.

Notion of Rights

• "Not being discriminated against" is related to the notion of a right.

Prioritizing Family

• Prioritizing family over friends is a manifestation of egoism.

Practicing Philosophy

• A person who does not believe in anything to be true and thinks that there is no real knowledge, is not practicing philosophy.

Relativism

• Understanding that things change based on background and experience is an example of relativism.

Mabaquiao's Philosophy

• Mabaquiao does not consider all ideas or perspectives as philosophy.

Altruism

• Altruism is best understood as the ability to be selfless.

Responsibility of Moral Agents

• A teenager is exempt from the responsibility of being a moral agent.

Examples of Moral Agents

• A CSU student is an example of a moral agent.

Jaspers' Definition of Philosophy

• According to Jaspers, philosophy is a discipline in which questions are more important than answers, and in which answers are bound to generate further questions.

Moral Agent Description

• A moral agent is someone who sees opinion as an important part of decisions.

Terminology of Legality

• The fact that Marijuana is okay in Mexico relates to legality.

Major Debates in Meta-Ethics

• The two major debates in Meta-Ethics are objective and relative.

Love Triangle Example

• Being torn between two lovers is a true dilemma.

Objectivism and Relativism

• Polygamy vs. monogamy is a good example of objectivism and relativism.

Objectivism

• "Morality is always good or bad" is an example of objectivism.

Metaphysical Issues

• "Rules vs. care" exemplifies debates on metaphysical issues.

Egoism

• "Morality is nothing more than a fulfillment of personal joy" is an example of egoism.

Psychological Issues

• "Polygamy vs. monogamy" is not an example of the debates on psychological issues.

Disagreement with Subjectivism

• "Every life has dignity" cannot be considered as subjectivism.

Subjectivism Controversies

• Drug addiction is NOT part of the controversial moral issues if subjectivism is practiced.

Example of Objectivism vs. Relativism

• Polygamy vs. monogamy is a good example of objectivism vs. relativism.

Science and Belief in God

• Science and the belief of the existence of God are not incompatible.

Terms that Do Not Belong

• Slavery does not belong with sanctity, dignity, and equality

Supernaturalism and the State

• God and State are not separate.

Expression of Subjectivism

• "Follow your heart's desire" is a good expression of subjectivism.

Problems in Subjectivism

• Subjectivism does not reflect the close relation between morality and people's feelings, opinion, and circumstances.

Babor's Contention

• According to Babor, egoistic hedonism is the contention that humans are primarily obligated to seek their own pleasure, even at the expense of others.

Concepts That Do Not Belong

• "My life, my rules" does not belong.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is founded on the principle that truth and moral actions are objective.

Manifestation of Altruism

• Charity for the poor and in need is a manifestation of altruism.

Objectivism

• The protection of human rights is a manifestation of objectivism.

Dangers of Moral Relativism

• The actions performed by a certain culture will be properly understood by looking at a wider context of an action is NOT a danger of moral relativism.

Dangers of Subjectivism

• Challenging commonly held truths to make them more solid or subject for reassessment is NOT a danger of subjectivism.

Principle That Does Not Belong

• Ethical truths depend on an individual person does NOT belong.

Objectivism Example

• "Killing will always be wrong" is a good example of objectivism.

Explaining God's Existence

• The big bang theory and evolution theory support the uncaused-cause explanation of God's existence

False Statement About Supernaturalism

• Supernaturalism is a hallucination of people and is very much illogical.

Representation of Subjectivism

• Truth depends on a person believing it represents subjectivism.

Concepts That Do Not Belong

• Marriage is not the odd one out compared to prostitution, pornography and abortion.

Egoism

• Prioritizing family over friends is a manifestation of egoism.

Moral relativism

• The actions performed by a certain culture will be properly understood by looking at a wider context of an action is not a danger of moral relativism

Example of Subjectivism

• No one has the right to tell you what is good or bad is an example of subjectivism.

Not an Example of Subjectivism

• Right makes might does not represent subjectivism

Principles Under Egoism

• Martyrdom is NOT under the principle of egoism

Relativism

• Things will change based on my background and experience represents relativism

Argument of Belief in God

• The belief in God is in line with human reasoning and not necessarily contradictory to scientific theories

Self Interest

• Studying hard with all my best even if I sacrifice playing mobile legends, sleeping always, and going out for the party is a good example of self interest

Quotation of Egoism

• Morality is nothing more a fulfillment of personal joy is an example of egoism

Not Part of Morality

• It depends to a situation and context

Religion Related

• Religion is really a virus in the world that is why there are crimes involving religion is NOT included in terms of explaining the negative things that happened involving the name of religion

Hedonism

• According to Babor, psychological hedonism is the contention that humans by nature is capable of doing only those actions which give ones pleasure, and that one avoids those actions that give him/her pain is embraced.

Community

• Self-interest does not belong.

God's Existence

• Blindly obey everything that is written in the sacred books using self-interpretation, is FALSE about a morality based on the idea of God’s existence.

Egoism Forms

• Studying to get good grades is a form of egoism.

Ethical Teachings of Supernaturalism

• In our country, most people if not all are believers of God is a less likely reason of including the ethical teachings of supernaturalism like the particular Abrahamic religion of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Truth and Lie

• Truth remains a truth even if many people do not accept it; Lie remains a lie even many people believes it is about objectivism

Church and State

• The Church and State should be separate in all things. The Church should not get involve in the matters of the State, and the State should not get involve in the matters of the Church is FALSE regarding the concern of the separation between Church and State

Examples that Support God's Existence

• A building must have an engineer, a watch must have a watch maker, a computer must have a programmer supports intelligent designer of a way of explaining God’s existence