Introduction to Philippine Literature

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'literature' primarily refer to?

A specific genre of oral storytelling

A historical record of events and figures

A body of written works associated with imaginative and creative expression (correct)

A collection of artistic paintings

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of literary texts?

It delivers significant information

It expresses feelings, thoughts, and ideas

It narrates a story

It is strictly based on real events only (correct)

Which of the following is a part of the narrative structure?

Exposition (correct)

Analysis

Review

Development

What is the primary purpose of poetry as a literary form?

To express feelings, thoughts, and ideas Signup and view all the answers

Which literary form is characterized by rhythm, sound, imagery, and form?

Poetry Signup and view all the answers

What does literary structure refer to?

An organizational method used in literature Signup and view all the answers

Oral literature is primarily handed down through what means?

Oral transmission from one generation to another Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT typically considered a type of poetry?

Descriptive poetry Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme in the legends of the great flood in Filipino culture?

The involvement of supernatural beings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the purpose of a myth?

To explain a cultural belief or natural phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

Which genre best describes 'Biag ni Lam-ang'?

Epic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Philippine literature during the Spanish colonial period?

Forms solely based on oral traditions Signup and view all the answers

What type of poem is a 'dalit'?

A poem consisting of four lines with eight syllables each Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a 'moro-moro' performance?

Depicting historical battles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following works is attributed to Francisco Baltazar?

Florante at Laura Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'zarzuela' refer to in Philippine literature?

A type of theatrical play with songs and dance Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of ladinos in the context of Spanish missionary work?

To translate religious materials into native languages Signup and view all the answers

Which work is associated with Fernando Bagongbanta?

Salamat nang walang hanga/gracias de sin sempiternas Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Leona Florentino make to Philippine literature?

Poetry collections in both Ilocano and Spanish Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is recognized as the first Filipino novel in English?

A Child of Sorrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the poem written by Andres Bonifacio that appeared in the official newspaper of the Katipunan?

Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa Signup and view all the answers

Which Spanish author is credited with the earliest version of the pasyon?

Gaspar Aquino de Belen Signup and view all the answers

What educational change was introduced during the American period in the Philippines?

Free public education was introduced Signup and view all the answers

Who among the following is famous for the novels 'Noli Me Tangere' and 'El Filibusterismo'?

Jose Rizal Signup and view all the answers

Who won the first prize in the First Commonwealth Literary Awards in 1940?

Laya Signup and view all the answers

Which literary tradition did Fernando Maramag's sonnet 'Moonlight on Manila Bay' follow?

Romantic Signup and view all the answers

What literary technique did Manuel Arguilla commonly incorporate in his writings?

Local color Signup and view all the answers

What language was declared official in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation along with Nihonggo?

Filipino Signup and view all the answers

Which publication compiled the best Tagalog short stories during the Japanese occupation?

Liwayway magazine Signup and view all the answers

What type of issues found their way into Filipino literature during the post-war period?

Political, economic, and social confusion Signup and view all the answers

In which period did Filipino writers begin to focus on the experiences of the Filipino people under foreign rule?

Post-war and contemporary period Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of Filipino fiction during the apprenticeship period?

Imitation of American writing Signup and view all the answers

Which author wrote the story 'We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers'?

Alejandro Roces Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of society does Nick Joaquin's short story 'May Day Eve' primarily explore?

Love in a patriarchal society Signup and view all the answers

Which Filipino author is known for the short story 'Waywaya'?

Francisco Sionil Jose Signup and view all the answers

What literary genre did Stevan Javellana contribute to post-war Philippine literature?

Novels Signup and view all the answers

What theme does Edith L. Tiempo's poem 'The Return' primarily reflect?

Life in old age Signup and view all the answers

How is Ilocano literature characterized in relation to other Philippine literary traditions?

It is seen as the richest and most developed after Tagalog. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of literature did Horacio de la Costa emphasize in his essay 'History and Philippine Culture'?

Understanding and presenting a nation’s culture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a literary form mentioned in the context of Philippine literature?

Comics Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Literature Overview

Etymology: Derived from Latin "littera," meaning "letter of the alphabet."
Definition: Literature comprises imaginative and creative works of poetry and prose, classified by language, national origin, historical period, genre, and subject matter.
Forms: Exists in both oral and written forms; oral literature is passed down and later documented as literary text.

Characteristics of Literary Text

Narrates stories or events.
Expresses feelings, thoughts, and ideas, often reflecting real-life experiences or imagination.
Delivers significant information crossing cultural and temporal boundaries.

Literary Structure

Typically organized using a narrative method.
Narrative structure includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution (denouement).

Major Forms of Literature

Poetry: Written in lines, features rhythm, sound, imagery, and aims to express thoughts and feelings. Types include:
- Narrative Poetry:
  - Legend: Presented as history, unlikely truths (e.g., The Flood Stories of Bukidnon and Igorot).
  - Myth: Explains beliefs or natural phenomena (e.g., Igorot and Tagalog creation myths).
  - Epic: Celebrates hero-adventures with supernatural elements (e.g., Biag ni Lam-ang, Hinilawod).

Philippine Literature During Spanish Colonial Period

Works imitative of Spanish forms; genres included corrido, awit, dalit, cenaculo, moro-moro, duplo, karagatan, and zarzuela.
Religious prose such as novenas and biographies; retention of native lyrical traditions.
Prominent authors:
- Francisco Baltazar: Noted for "Florante at Laura."
- Pedro Paterno: Authored the first Spanish poetry collection and Filipino novel.
- José Rizal: National hero renowned for "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo."
- Andres Bonifacio: Wrote "Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa."

Philippine Literature During American Period (1898–1940)

Introduction of civil government and free public education; English became the medium of instruction.
Emergence of Filipino literature in English; notable works include:
- "Filipino Poetry" (1924): First English poetry collection.
- "Dead Stars" (1925): First modern short story in English.
- "A Child of Sorrow" (1921): First Filipino novel in English.

Philippine Literature During Japanese Period (1941–1945)

Censorship of publications; rise of Tagalog literature.
Notable collections included "Ang Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943."
Major stories from this period:
- “Lupang Tinubuan” by Narciso G. Reyes.
- “Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa” by Liwayway Arceo.

Post-War and Contemporary Literature (1946–Present)

Literature reflects social, economic, and political conditions post-World War II.
Emergence of themes such as nationalism, social issues, and morality.
Influential writers:
- Nick Joaquin: "May Day Eve," highlighting love in a patriarchal society.
- F. Sionil Jose: "Waywaya," concerning pre-Hispanic society.
- Edith L. Tiempo: "The Return," explores old age.
- Stevan Javellana: "Without Seeing the Dawn," depicts wartime experiences.
Rich tradition of Ilocano literature includes significant works from authors like Manuel Arguilla and Carlos Bulosan, enriching the Philippine literary landscape.

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Description

This quiz explores the various genres, forms, and elements of Philippine literature. You'll identify the traditions that shape literary expressions in the Philippines and discuss contemporary topics that resonate with its current condition. Delve into the rich tapestry of literary development in the national context.