W2-Kinetics I

• In Cooley, Ireland, limestone rocks are being dissolved very slowly.
• Solubility of a substance is the maximum amount of it that can dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature to reach chemical equilibrium.
• Kinetics is the scientific study of the rates and the processes that change chemical compositions and physical properties of a system over time.
• The rate of a reaction is the change in concentration of reactants or appearance of products per unit time.
• Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
• The rate of a reaction is proportional to the molar concentrations of the reactants raised to a power, known as the reaction order.
• A reaction's rate constant, k, is a constant that relates the rate of reaction to the reactant concentrations and temperature, and can only be determined experimentally.
• For a reaction A + B → P, the rate law is rate = k[A]^n[B]^m, where n and m are the reaction orders of A and B, respectively.
• Determining the reaction orders and overall order of a reaction involves analyzing the rates of reactant consumption and product formation.
• The units for the rate constant, k, are typically molarity per liter per second (M/L/s).
• For a zero-order reaction, the rate of reaction is not dependent on the concentrations of the reactants.
• For a first-order reaction, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant.
• For a second-order reaction, the rate of reaction is proportional to the square of the concentration of one reactant or the product of the concentrations of two reactants.
• Integrated rate laws are the solutions to the differential rate equations and can be used to find the concentrations of reactants or products at specific times.
• A plot of the natural logarithm of the concentration of a reactant versus time can be used to determine if a reaction is first order.
• A plot of the concentration of a reactant versus time can be used to determine if a reaction is zero order.
• The units for the concentration of a reactant or product are typically molarity (M).
• The initial concentration of a reactant, [A]0, can be determined from the intercept of a plot of the natural logarithm of the concentration versus time for a first-order reaction.
• The concentration of a reactant, [A], after a certain time can be estimated from the slope of a plot of the natural logarithm of the concentration versus time for a first-order reaction.
• The integrated rate law for a first-order reaction is given by [A] = [A]0 * exp(-kt).
• The integrated rate law for a zero-order reaction is given by [A] = [A]0 - kt.

Test your knowledge of kinetics and rates of reaction in pharmacy with this quiz. Explore concepts such as rate and order of reaction, stoichiometry, rate laws, and integrated rate laws.