Introduction to Pathology

The study of disease.

An abnormal variation in the structure and function of any organ or tissue in the body.

The causes of a disease.

The mechanisms by which a disease develops.

The structural changes that occur in cells and tissues due to a disease.

The functional consequences of the morphologic changes caused by a disease.

The study of disease in humans.

A study of disease by performing experiments.

Cell injury is the basis of all diseases.

Oxygen deprivation, a common cause of cell injury.

A cellular adaptation where cells increase in size.

A cellular adaptation where cells increase in number.

A cellular adaptation where cells decrease in size.

A cellular adaptation where one cell type is replaced by another, often in response to chronic irritation.

A type of cellular adaptation that involves an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. It can occur due to both normal physiological and pathological processes such as hormonal stimulation, chronic injury, or excessive demand.

A type of cellular adaptation that involves an increase in the size of individual cells leading to an increase in the size of the organ.

A type of cellular adaptation involving the shrinkage of cells, resulting in a decrease in tissue or organ size.

A process where cells are replaced by a different type of cell, often in response to chronic irritation or injury.

A process involving an increase in the number of cells in a tissue. It can be caused by excessive hormonal stimulation, chronic injury, or increased demand.

Excessive or prolonged exposure to noxious stimuli can lead to irreversible cellular damage and ultimately cell death.

The process of cellular adaptation allows cells to survive and function in a variety of adverse or challenging conditions.

Cellular adaptation allows cells to survive and function in a variety of adverse or challenging conditions.

The study of disease. The word "pathos" means suffering or disease. Pathology investigates the causes, mechanisms, structural changes, and effects of diseases.

The core of pathology focuses on understanding four key aspects of disease: its causes, its development, the structural changes it produces, and its effects on the body's function.

A disease is a variation from the normal structure and function of an organ or tissue.

The causes of a disease. Examples include bacteria, viruses, toxins, or genetic factors.

The process of how a disease develops. It involves the steps and mechanisms that lead to the disease's manifestation.

The structural changes that occur in cells and tissues due to a disease. These changes are often microscopic and can be identified through examinations.

The functional consequences of the morphologic changes caused by a disease. These consequences determine the symptoms and impact on the body.

The study of disease in humans. It involves studying the changes in human tissues and organs.

The study of disease using experiments. This branch helps to understand the causes and mechanisms of diseases, especially in animal models.

Cell injury is the basis of all diseases. The smallest unit of the body, the cell, is affected, leading to disease development.

A cellular adaptation where cells increase in size, often due to increased workload or stress.

A cellular adaptation where cells increase in number, often due to hormonal signals or injury.

A cellular adaptation where cells decrease in size due to lack of use, nutrient deprivation, or decreased blood supply.

A cellular adaptation where one cell type is replaced by another, usually due to chronic irritation or injury.

Cellular adaptations occur in response to excessive physiological or pathological stimuli.

A type of hyperplasia that occurs in response to excessive hormonal stimulation, such as in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

A type of hyperplasia that occurs due to normal physiological processes, such as hormonal stimulation during pregnancy or in the breast during lactation.

A type of atrophy that occurs due to decreased blood supply to a tissue or organ, often caused by a blockage in a blood vessel.

Type of atrophy caused by lack of nerve stimulation, often seen in muscles that are paralyzed.

A type of atrophy that occurs due to lack of use, often seen in muscles that are not regularly exercised.