Introduction to Operating Systems Lecture 2: Processes and Resources

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Questions and Answers

What is a process in the context of an operating system?

  • The file containing the program code
  • The hardware components of the computer system
  • The environmental variables used by the program
  • A program at execution (correct)

Which component is NOT part of the elementary process components?

  • Keyboard and mouse (correct)
  • Program code
  • Data (constants, stack, heap)
  • Process control block (PCB)

What is a resource in the context of a computer system?

  • The output devices like monitor and printer
  • An external storage device
  • The files and environmental variables used by the program
  • A hardware or software component essential for processing (correct)

What does the process control block (PCB) describe?

<p>The current processing state in terms of OS-specific data structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a resource in a computer system?

<p>Memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are processes applying for when they request access to resources?

<p>Resources needed to complete processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Process Manager in kernel operations?

<p>To control process states for safe and efficient resource utilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is typically stored in a Process Descriptor (PCB)?

<p>PID, CPU registers contents, and scheduling information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state indicates that a process has completed its execution?

<p>Terminated (Zombie) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Resource Manager in kernel operations?

<p>To allocate resources to processes based on requests and system state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of resource is classified as non-reusable (consumable)?

<p>With respect to their utilization – reusable resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of resource classification, what are preemptable resources?

<ul> <li>resources that may be taken away from a process before it has finished using them (B)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Resource Descriptor store information about?

<ul> <li>resource availability and busyness (D)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of interrupt handling in kernel operations?

<ul> <li>Typically results in changing the state of process or resource (D)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Waiting (Blocked)' process state indicate?

<p>Process awaits an event or resource allocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the CPU registers contents in a Process Descriptor (PCB)?

<p>To save the process state during a context switch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Process Concept

  • In the context of an operating system, a process is a program in execution, including the current activity, memory, and system resources.

Process Components

  • The elementary process components are: process control block (PCB), program counter, CPU registers, and memory.

Resource Management

  • A resource, in the context of a computer system, is an entity that a process can request access to, such as CPU time, memory, I/O devices, and files.

Process Control Block (PCB)

  • The PCB describes the process, including its current state, memory, and system resources.

Resource Types

  • Examples of resources in a computer system include CPU time, memory, I/O devices, and files.
  • A process requests access to resources when it needs to use them.

Process Manager

  • The Process Manager is responsible for managing processes, including creating, running, and terminating them.

Process Descriptor (PCB)

  • The Process Descriptor (PCB) typically stores information about the process, including its current state, memory, and system resources.
  • The CPU registers' contents are also stored in the Process Descriptor (PCB).

Process States

  • The 'Terminated' state indicates that a process has completed its execution.
  • The 'Waiting (Blocked)' process state indicates that a process is waiting for a resource to become available.

Resource Classification

  • Consumable resources are non-reusable resources, such as network bandwidth and printer paper.
  • Preemptable resources can be taken away from a process, such as CPU time and memory.

Resource Descriptor

  • A Resource Descriptor stores information about a resource, including its type and availability.

Interrupt Handling

  • The main purpose of interrupt handling in kernel operations is to allow the kernel to respond to events, such as I/O completions and timer expiration.

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