Introduction to Nutrition Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main components of an enzyme system?

Cofactor and product

Apoenzyme and co-factor (correct)

Apoenzyme and substrate

Cofactor and substrate

Which suffix is commonly associated with enzymes?

-ine

-ose

-ase (correct)

-ol

How can a person's nutritional status be classified?

Optimal, sufficient, deficient

Healthy, unhealthy, critical

Malnutrition, starvation, obesity

Good, fair, poor (correct)

What characterizes malnutrition?

Deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrient intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of undernutrition?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes a low weight-for-height in children?

Wasting Signup and view all the answers

What does overnutrition refer to?

Excessive nutrient supply resulting in harmful effects Signup and view all the answers

Children with low weight-for-age can be categorized into which condition?

Underweight Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nutrients classified as 'Go Food'?

To provide energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the definition of food?

Any organic or inorganic substance that nourishes the body Signup and view all the answers

What role do enzymes play in the body?

They act as organic catalysts in biochemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Nutrients that help achieve homeostasis in the body are primarily categorized as what?

Glow Food Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of effective nutrition education over a person's lifetime?

A state of nutritional well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following does NOT represent a function of nutrients?

To eliminate waste from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of classifying nutrients according to their function?

To understand their specific roles in the body Signup and view all the answers

Which category of nutrients primarily assists in building and maintaining tissues?

Grow Food Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Recommended Energy Intake/Nutrient Intake standards?

Promoting optimal health Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a characteristic of food quality?

Food price Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that affects food choices at the individual level?

Cultural traditions Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'fitness for use' imply in relation to food quality?

The appropriateness of food for consumption Signup and view all the answers

According to the parameters of food quality, which component relates to consumer expectations?

Wholesomeness Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is categorized under the macro-level environment affecting food choice?

Societal food trends Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element of prudent food labeling?

Transparency of ingredients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the term 'identity of food' in food quality?

The unique characteristics that distinguish it from other foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of obesity in individuals?

Imbalance between energy consumed and expended Signup and view all the answers

How is Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated?

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as obesity in adults according to BMI?

BMI of 30 or more Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases are diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)?

Diseases primarily caused by lifestyle and dietary habits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following micronutrients is considered essential for proper growth and development?

Iodine Signup and view all the answers

What does an inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals indicate?

Micronutrient related malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What best defines 'imbalance nutrition'?

A pathological state due to disproportion among essential nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Dietary requirements are defined as what?

Minimum amounts needed for essential nutrients to attain good health Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition Overview

Nutrition is the science of food, nutrients, and their effects on health.
It encompasses the processes by which organisms utilize materials for growth, maintenance, and energy.
Effective nutrition education contributes to nutritional well-being throughout life.

Definition of Food and Nutrients

Food refers to any organic or inorganic substance that nourishes the body, aiding in tissue building, energy supply, and bodily regulation.
Nutrients are essential chemical components enabling the body to generate energy, build tissues, and regulate functions.

Types of Nutrients

Three general functions:
- Provide Energy: Supports biochemical processes.
- Build and Repair Tissues: Necessary for organs and structures.
- Regulate Body Processes: Maintains balance and homeostasis.
Nutrients categorized by function:
- Go Food: Provides energy.
- Grow Food: Builds body tissues.
- Glow Food: Regulates bodily functions.

Nutritional Status

Nutritional status (nutriture) reflects a body's condition based on nutrient utilization.
Classifications include optimal nutrition, malnutrition, and nutrient inefficiencies.
Malnutrition entails deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrient intake.

Forms of Malnutrition

Undernutrition: Insufficient nutrient intake leading to:
- Wasting: Low weight-for-height.
- Stunting: Low height-for-age.
- Underweight: Low weight-for-age.
Overnutrition: Excessive nutrient intake leading to overweight and obesity.
Specific Nutrient Deficiency: Lack of essential vitamins or minerals.

Overnutrition and Health Risks

Overweight defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 or more; obesity at 30 or more.
Diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) arise from unhealthy diets, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals hinder enzyme and hormone production.
Critical deficiencies include iodine, vitamin A, and iron, affecting health globally.

Imbalance Nutrition

Results from excess or insufficient intake of essential nutrients.
Imbalance states may occur without absolute nutrient deficiencies.

Dietary Standards and Requirements

Dietary standards provide minimum nutrient requirements for good health.
Recommended Energy Intake (REI) and Nutrient Intake (RNI) are recognized guidelines for maintaining health.

Food Quality Considerations

Food quality pertains to the degree of excellence in products, fitness for consumption, and consumer satisfaction.
Criteria include identity, stability, sensory attributes, wholesomeness, and proper packaging.

Factors Influencing Food Choices

Environmental and individual factors heavily impact food selection.
- Macro-level: Larger societal influences.
- Individual level: Personal preferences and needs.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of nutrition, including definitions and overviews of food and food quality characteristics. Gain insight into the vital role that nutrition plays in our daily lives from a food technology perspective.