Introduction to Nuclear Science NUSC 342 Week 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between Baryons and Mesons?

  • Baryons are made of protons and neutrons, while Mesons contain electrons and positrons
  • Baryons consist of 3 quarks only, while Mesons consist of 2 quarks
  • Baryons are made of 3 quarks, while Mesons are made of a quark and an antiquark (correct)
  • Baryons are bosons, while Mesons are fermions

    • What happens to particles and antiparticles when they are created in pairs?

  • They have the same electrical charges
  • They move in similar directions in the magnetic field
  • They are discovered in the 1970s
  • They are created from the energy released by the collision of fast-moving particles (correct)

    • Which fundamental force holds quarks together in particles like protons and neutrons?

  • Strong force mediated by gluons (correct)
  • Weak nuclear force between nucleons
  • Electromagnetic force between the quarks
  • Gravitational force between quarks

    • What are some key features of the scattering experiments for quarks conducted in the 1970s?

    <p>Using electron energies of 4 - 21 GeV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all matter in the Universe is estimated to be made of quarks?

    <p>Approximately 99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property makes Baryons different from Mesons?

    <p>The number of quarks they are made of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can X-ray production accompany?

    <p>electron capture or internal conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the resulting X-rays?

    <p>They are a signature to characterize decay modes and/or decaying species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Chart of Nuclei?

    <p>To plot all known nuclei as a function of Z and N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an interaction between particles?

    <p>Both its strength and its range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with the exchange of particles?

    <p>Fundamental forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy acquired by a particle of unit electrical charge when accelerated through a potential difference of 1 V?

    <p>1 eV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fundamental equation represents the interchangeability of mass and energy?

    <p>E = mc^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light denoted by the letter 'c' in the equation E = mc^2?

    <p>299,792,458 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit of energy is equivalent to 1.602 x 10^-13 J?

    <p>1 MeV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionization in atomic processes involves the removal of:

    <p>Inner Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collision results in a different configuration or arrangement of electrons in an atom?

    <p>Excitation collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Lorentz factor, 𝛾, given by?

    <p>(1 − 𝛽2)−1∕2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particle's speed cannot exceed the speed of light?

    <p>All particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total energy of a particle denoted by, Etot, in terms of mass, kinetic energy, and rest energy?

    <p>Etot = mc2 = T + m0c2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for kinetic energy, T, of a particle in terms of the Lorentz factor and rest mass?

    <p>T = (𝛾 − 1)m0c2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total energy of a massless particle, like a photon, in terms of momentum?

    <p>Etot = pc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nucleons bound in the nucleus?

    <p>By attractive force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the energy liberated in the formation of a nucleus from its component nucleons?

    <p>Binding energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to represent the mass defect or difference between the measured mass and calculated mass of a nucleus?

    <p>δMA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the better stability indicator in terms of nuclear binding energy?

    <p>Binding energy per nucleon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the binding energy per nucleon for 16O?

    <p>7.97 MeV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What range does the binding energy vary in for nucleons in a nucleus?

    <p>5-8 MeV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to measure the enthalpy of vaporization for water in the context provided?

    <p>eV</p> Signup and view all the answers

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