IP Characteristics: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the four basic operations performed by the network layer?

Addressing end devices, encapsulation, routing, de-encapsulation

Which protocols are the principle communication protocols at the network layer?

IPv4 and IPv6

What is the role of major header fields in an IPv4 packet?

Indicate the source and destination IP addresses

How does the network layer use routing tables to direct packets to a destination network?

By comparing the destination IP address with entries in the routing table Signup and view all the answers

What does IP encapsulate at the transport layer?

Layer 4 segment Signup and view all the answers

What are the principle IP protocols used for reliable communications at the network layer?

IPv4 and IPv6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of IP in terms of establishing a connection?

IP does not establish a connection with the destination before sending the packet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of guarantee provided by IP in terms of packet delivery?

IP does not guarantee delivery of the packet. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the reliability of IP in managing undelivered or corrupt packets?

IP cannot manage or fix undelivered or corrupt packets. Signup and view all the answers

What does IP rely on for functions such as retransmission after an error and realignment of out-of-sequence packets?

IP relies on another protocol for these functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the media independence characteristic of IP related to?

IP can be sent over any media type: copper, fiber, or wireless. Signup and view all the answers

What establishes the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) at the network layer?

The network layer establishes the MTU. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Layer 3 splits the IPv4 packet into smaller units?

Fragmenting causes latency. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes IPv6 from IPv4 in terms of packet fragmentation?

IPv6 does not fragment packets. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their descriptions:

Connectionless = IP does not establish a connection with the destination before sending the packet. Best Effort = IP will not guarantee delivery of the packet. Media Independent = IP does not concern itself with the type of frame required at the data link layer or the media type at the physical layer. Fragmentation = When Layer 3 splits the IPv4 packet into smaller units. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct characteristics of IP:

No pre-notifications are sent by IP. = Connectionless IP has reduced overhead since there is no mechanism to resend data. = Best Effort IP can be sent over any media type: copper, fiber, or wireless. = Media Independent IPv6 does not fragment packets. = Fragmentation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions with their descriptions related to IP:

Manage or fix undelivered or corrupt packets = Reliability Retransmit after an error and realign out-of-sequence packets = Functions IP relies on other protocols for Guarantee delivery of the packet = Level of guarantee provided by IP Establish the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) = Fragmentation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their relation to IP characteristics:

MTU size establishment = Media Independent (Contd.) Reduced overhead and lack of acknowledgments = Best Effort No mechanism for resending data and no pre-notifications = Connectionless Sending over any media type: copper, fiber, or wireless = Media Independent Signup and view all the answers

Match the following network layer actions with their impact on IP packets:

Splitting the IPv4 packet into smaller units = Fragmentation Establishing MTU received from control information sent by data link layer = Media Independent (Contd.) Causing latency when fragmenting packets = Fragmentation IPv6's avoidance of packet fragmentation = Fragmentation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their respective functions at the network layer:

IPv4 Packet = Explains the role of the major header fields IPv6 Packet = Explains the role of the major header fields How a Host Routes = Explains how network devices use routing tables to direct packets Router Routing Tables = Explains the function of fields in the routing table of a router Signup and view all the answers

Match the following operations with their descriptions at the network layer:

Addressing end devices = Network layer operation of providing services to allow end devices to exchange data Encapsulation = Network layer operation of encapsulating the transport layer segment Routing = Network layer operation performed by network devices to direct packets to a destination network De-encapsulation = Network layer operation of removing encapsulation from received packets Signup and view all the answers

Match the following IP characteristics with their descriptions:

IP version 4 (IPv4) = One of the principle network layer communication protocols IP version 6 (IPv6) = One of the principle network layer communication protocols Media independence characteristic = Characteristic of IP related to being independent of physical transmission media Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) establishment = Task related to establishing the size of packets at the network layer Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding IP functions:

IP encapsulates the transport layer segment = IP can use either an IPv4 or IPv6 packet and not impact the layer 4 segment IP performs four basic operations = Addressing end devices, encapsulation, routing, and de-encapsulation are performed by IP at the network layer Reliability in managing undelivered or corrupt packets = Function related to retransmission after an error and realignment of out-of-sequence packets IPv4 and IPv6 as primary communication protocols = Principle communication protocols for reliable communications at the network layer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Network Layer Operations

The four basic operations performed by the network layer are routing, addressing, congestion control, and packet forwarding.

Protocols at the Network Layer

The principle communication protocols at the network layer are Internet Protocol (IP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP).

IPv4 Packet Header Fields

The header fields in an IPv4 packet include Source IP Address, Destination IP Address, Version, Header Length, Differentiated Services, Total Length, Identification, Flags, Fragment Offset, Time to Live, Protocol, Header Checksum, Source Address, Destination Address, and Options.

Routing Tables and Packet Direction

The network layer uses routing tables to direct packets to a destination network based on the destination IP address.

IP Encapsulation at the Transport Layer

IP encapsulates segments from the transport layer, adding its own header to form a packet.

Reliable Communication at the Network Layer

The principle IP protocols used for reliable communications at the network layer are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

IP Connection Establishment

The primary characteristic of IP in terms of establishing a connection is that it is a connectionless protocol, meaning it does not establish a dedicated end-to-end connection before transmitting data.

IP Packet Delivery Guarantee

IP provides a best-effort delivery service, meaning it does not guarantee packet delivery.

Reliability of IP

IP relies on upper-layer protocols, such as TCP, for functions such as retransmission after an error and realignment of out-of-sequence packets.

Media Independence of IP

The media independence characteristic of IP is related to its ability to operate independently of the underlying network infrastructure.

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

The MTU at the network layer is established by the network interface card (NIC) or the network device.

Packet Fragmentation

When Layer 3 splits the IPv4 packet into smaller units, it is called packet fragmentation.
IPv6, unlike IPv4, does not fragment packets; instead, it sends an error message to the sender asking it to reduce the packet size.

IP Characteristics

IP is a connectionless, best-effort delivery service that provides media independence and relies on upper-layer protocols for reliability.

IP Functions and Characteristics

IP performs routing, addressing, congestion control, and packet forwarding, and is characterized by its connectionless, best-effort delivery service and media independence.