Introduction to Networks

Introduction to Networks

• Networks are collections of connected devices like computers, printers, and gaming consoles.
• The Internet is a network of networks.
• Three basic network categories:
  • Local Area Network (LAN): Smallest type, connecting devices in a limited area: building, floor, department.
  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Covers a larger area up to 50 miles, connecting several LANs within a town or city.
  • Wide Area Network (WAN): Spanning thousands of miles, allowing communication between users globally.

Network Hardware

• Network Interface Card (NIC): A printed circuit board, plugging into the computer's motherboard, connecting the computer to the network via cable.
• Router: Directs data packets between different network groups (LANs or WANs).
• Network Switch: Determines the data flow over large networks.
• Repeater: Strengthens signals for longer distances.

Computer Networks

• A network is a collection of computers and related equipment connected to allow data to move between them
• Network Interface Cards (NICs) provide the physical link between your computer and the network
• Network Hubs are the central connection point for all devices on a network
• Network Switches are like hubs, but they are more intelligent, allowing data to be transmitted to specific devices on the network
• A Local Area Network (LAN) connects computers within a limited area, such as a building or department
• A Wide Area Network (WAN) connects computers over a large geographic area, such as a country or continent

Network Cables

• Network cables are the physical medium that data travels through
• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable is the most common and least expensive, using an RJ-45 connector
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable is more expensive and includes a protective shield to minimize interference
• Coaxial cable uses a single copper conductor at its center, insulated by a plastic layer and surrounded by a braided metal shield. It is commonly used in television industries
• Fiber Optic cable uses a glass core to transmit light signals, making it resistant to interference. Ideal for environments with high electrical interference
• Wireless LANs use radio signals, infrared light, or lasers for communication between devices, allowing for flexibility and mobility

RJ45

• RJ45 is a standard connector used for Ethernet wiring
• RJ45 has 8 positions and 8 conductor, compared to RJ-11 which is used in telephone wiring

Network Cable Wiring Standards

• There are two main wiring standards: T568A and T568B
• Straight Through cables connect PCs to switches/hubs
• Crossover cables connect two computers directly (limited to two computers)

Network Configuration

• Network configuration refers to setting the controls, flow, and operation of a network
• A patch panel is a device with multiple jacks for connecting and routing circuits, providing flexibility and organization
• A patch panel cable management system ensures organized and neat cable arrangements, adhering to industry standards

Router Configuration

• A router forwards data packets between computer networks, directing traffic on the Internet
• Router configuration allows setting up the network name (SSID), password, and security options
• Changing the WIFI name and password helps protect the wireless network
• Security modes, like WPA-PSK, provide encryption for the wireless connection

Testing Computer Networks

• Once a network is set up, it is essential to test its functionality
• Verify physical connections by checking the Link light on each computer and its connection to the switch/router
• Attempt to log on to each network computer with a valid user account to confirm connectivity
• Use network commands to verify the IP address and default gateway settings on each computer

IP Address

• An IP address is like a home address for a computer on a network.
• An IP address is a 32-bit number
• IP addresses are used for sending and receiving information over a network.
• IP addresses are divided into different classes based on their address range.
• Class A networks are typically large networks, while Class C networks are typically used for smaller networks.
• IP address classes are defined by their address range, which indicates the number of devices that can be connected to the network.
• Class D is reserved for multicast groups.
• Class E is reserved for experimental purposes.

Types of IP Addresses

• Static IP addresses are assigned to a device and do not change.
• Dynamic IP addresses change every time a device connects to a network.
• The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to assign dynamic IP addresses.

How to set a Static IP Address

• To find the computer's IP address, open the command prompt and type ipconfig.
• Find the IP address assigned to the network connection.
• To set a static IP address, navigate the Network and Sharing Center, right-click on Local Area Connection, and select properties.
• Select Internet Protocol Version 4 and click on Properties.
• Select 'Use the following IP address' and enter the IP address found in the command prompt.

Network Connectivity Tests

• Physical Connections: Check cables and connections.
• Login: Verify the user can log into the network.
• Network Configuration: Verify the settings are correct.
• Ping Test: Use the ping command to test communication between computers on the network.

Set-up Computer Networks

• This module covers setting up computer networks, a key skill for Computer Systems Servicing NCII.
• The module consists of 4 learning outcomes with learning activities based on information sheets.
• Upon completion, students will be assessed on their knowledge and skills.

Learning Outcome 2: Set network configuration

• This outcome involves configuring network settings to ensure proper communication between devices.

• Key tasks include:

  • Checking each terminal's connectivity according to the network design
  • Diagnosing and resolving any network issues
  • Configuring network interface card settings based on the network design
  • Verifying communication between terminals based on OS network configuration guides
  • Addressing unplanned events according to established procedures

• The required resources include:

  • Computer peripherals
  • Desktop computers
  • Multi-tester
  • Diagnostic software
  • RJ45 modular box
  • UTP cable
  • Assorted pliers
  • Assorted screwdrivers
  • Anti-static wrist strap
  • Crimping tool
  • Punch down tool
  • USB flash drive
  • Computer storage media

Learning Outcome 3: Configure Network Devices

• Learning Outcome 3 outlines the process of configuring network devices, including routers and wireless access points.
• The goal is to establish secure and reliable connections within the network.
• The text discusses the use of a web-based interface for configuring a router's settings:
  • Access the router's admin page by entering its default IP address into a web browser.
  • Log in using the default username and password.
  • Modify settings such as the wireless network name (SSID), security mode, and password.
  • Save the configuration changes to apply the new settings.

Learning Outcome 4: Inspect and test the configured computer networks

• This outcome emphasizes the importance of thorough inspection and testing to ensure the network operates correctly.
• After configuring the network, it is crucial to:
  • Perform a final inspection to verify that the configuration aligns with manufacturer instructions.
  • Conduct tests to ensure the network is operating safely.
  • Prepare reports according to company requirements to document the network configuration and testing results.

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of computer networks, including types such as LAN, MAN, and WAN. It also explores essential network hardware like NICs, routers, and switches. Test your understanding of how these components work together to form efficient communication systems.