Introduction to Natural Language Processing

Relationship Extraction

• A task to identify relationships among entities in a text.

Sentiment Analysis

• A task to computationally identify and categorize opinions expressed in text, speech, or images.
• Aims to determine the range of feeling, from positive to negative.
• Examples include approval, disapproval, positive/negative toward, agreement/disagreement.

Speech Recognition

• Also known as speech-to-text (STT).
• A functional unit converts a speech signal to a representation of the speech content.

Speech Synthesis

• Also known as text-to-speech (TTS).
• Creates artificial speech.

Computer Vision

• A functional unit's capability to acquire, process, and interpret data from images or videos.
• Uses sensors to create digital images of visual scenes, including those beyond visible light (e.g., infrared).

Organization

• A person or group with its own functions, responsibilities, authorities, and relationships to achieve its objectives.
• Includes sole-trader, company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority, partnership, charity, institution, or parts or combinations thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private.
• If part of a larger entity, "organization" refers only to the part within the AI management system scope.

Interested Party

• A person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity.
• Overview in ISO/IEC 22989:2022, 5.19.

Top Management

• Person(s) who direct and control an organization at the highest level.
• Has power to delegate authority and provide resources within the organization.
• If the management system scope is only part of an organization, top management refers to those directing that part.

Management System

• Set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies and objectives, and processes to achieve them.
• Can address a single discipline or several disciplines.
• Includes organization's structure, roles, responsibilities, planning, and operation.

Policy

• Organization's intentions and direction, formally expressed by top management.

Objective

• Result to be achieved.
• Can be strategic, tactical, or operational.
• Can relate to different disciplines (e.g., finance, health, safety, environment).
• Can be organization-wide or specific to a project, product, or process.
• Expressed as an intended result, purpose, operational criterion, AI objective, or similar terms (e.g., aim, goal, target).
• In AI management systems, AI objectives, set by the organization, are consistent with the AI policy, to achieve specific results.

Risk

• Effect of uncertainty.
• Effect is a deviation from the expected (positive or negative).
• Uncertainty is the state of deficiency in information, understanding, or knowledge of an event, consequence, or likelihood.
• Often characterized by potential events and consequences, or a combination.
• Often expressed in terms of consequences and likelihood of occurrence.

Process

• Set of interrelated or interacting activities that use or transform inputs to deliver a result.
• Result can be called output, product, or service, depending on context.

Competence

• Ability to apply knowledge and skills to achieve intended results.

Documented Information

• Information required to be controlled and maintained by an organization, and the medium it's contained on.
• Can be in any format and media from any source.
• Can refer to the management system, related processes, information for operations, or evidence of results (records).

This quiz covers fundamental concepts related to natural language processing, including relationship extraction, sentiment analysis, speech recognition, and speech synthesis. It evaluates your understanding of how machines interpret and generate human language, as well as their ability to understand visual data through computer vision. Test your knowledge on these essential topics in AI and NLP.