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Questions and Answers
What are the primary components of a nanosensor?
What are the primary components of a nanosensor?
Which type of sensor is specifically used for detecting small amounts of acetone in breath for diabetes diagnosis?
Which type of sensor is specifically used for detecting small amounts of acetone in breath for diabetes diagnosis?
What is the mass detection limitation for NEMS cantilevers that improves cancer diagnosis?
What is the mass detection limitation for NEMS cantilevers that improves cancer diagnosis?
What is the feature of cantilever array sensors that allows for easy handling?
What is the feature of cantilever array sensors that allows for easy handling?
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How do nanotube sensors detect molecules?
How do nanotube sensors detect molecules?
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What is the estimated sensitivity limit for the cantilever array sensor technique when detecting single bacteria?
What is the estimated sensitivity limit for the cantilever array sensor technique when detecting single bacteria?
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What primary application is indicated for blood glucose monitoring using nanosensors?
What primary application is indicated for blood glucose monitoring using nanosensors?
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What material is primarily used to construct the cantilever array sensors?
What material is primarily used to construct the cantilever array sensors?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Nanosensors
- Nanosensors are devices that operate at the atomic and molecular level.
- They are smaller, lighter, and have modest power requirements compared to conventional sensors.
- Nanosensors can also store data.
- A sensor senses, a transducer converts input to electrical signals, and a detector detects changes.
Nanosensor Technology
- Nanosensors encompass physical sensors, chemical sensors, and biosensors.
- Biosensors utilize bioreceptors, transducers, and detectors.
Types of Nanosensors
- Cantilever array sensors
- Nanotube sensors
- Nanowire sensors
Cantilever Array Sensor
- Cantilevers are 300 nm thick.
- The resonance frequency of the cantilevers is special.
- These sensors are easy to handle, and are vertically chip sidewalled.
- Allows for non-sticking situations.
- Sensor chips are stored contamination-free.
Sensor Specifications
- Rectangular shaped silicon bars
- Duosensis sensors have 2 cantilevers per chip.
- Octosensis sensors have 8 cantilevers per chip.
Applications
- Diabetes Mellitus: Detects acetone in patient breath to potentially diagnose early.
- Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses: Detects antigens in cell membranes. Detection has sensitivity to individual bacteria (mass of ~1 pg).
- Cancer Diagnosis: Cancer-associated molecules binding to cantilevers change surface tension, causing the cantilevers to bend. Measures DNA molecules (a single 'tag' DNA molecule has ~1600 base pairs and weighs ~1 ag (atto = 10-18)).
- Blood Glucose Monitoring: Enzyme glucose oxidase is non-covalently attached to bring about glucose catalyzation, producing hydrogen peroxide. This enzyme immobilization enables current flow.
- Detection of Single Virus: Nanowires configured as a field-effect transistors (FET) detect changes in conductance when a single virus interacts with the receptor. Nanoscale wires are used for high signal-to-noise ratio.
- Detection of Biomolecules: Different molecules or viruses flow through a channel. The binding of a molecule to a specific nanowire triggers an electrical response that's relayed to a computer. This is a mechanism that helps identify various biomolecules, including proteins (e.g. protein kinase, a cause of chronic leukemia).
Nanotube Sensor
- Designed with DNA strands, can detect molecules with one part per million accuracy.
Platform
- Nanosensors can detect molecules in air or liquids.
- Suggests wide applications from home security to medical detection.
Nanowire Sensor
- Nanowires are used in various applications, such as detecting single viruses and biomolecules.
Nanowire Structure
- A combination of a single stranded DNA and carbon nanotube creates a nanowire structure useful in various applications.
Future Challenges
- Improving cantilever nano sensor sensitivity.
- Preventing unwanted biofouling (detecting non-adsorbing molecules).
- Addressing usual design problems.
- Controlling flow.
- Managing risk and economics.
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Description
This quiz explores the fascinating world of nanosensors, their technology, and different types. Learn about the essential components like cantilever arrays, nanotubes, and nanowires that make these sensors unique. Test your understanding of how nanosensors operate at the atomic and molecular level.
