Introduction to Mycology

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Questions and Answers

Mycology is the study of:

  • Bacteria
  • Fungi (correct)
  • Viruses
  • Algae

Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?

  • Presence of chlorophyll
  • Prokaryotic cells
  • Autotrophic
  • Nucleus (correct)

Fungal cell walls typically contain:

  • Cellulose and peptidoglycan
  • Cellulose
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Chitin (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of fungi?

<p>Food spoilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a term used to describe a fungal disease?

<p>Mycosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common route of entry for fungi into the body?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ringworm is caused by:

<p>Dermatophytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dermatophyte?

<p>Candida (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Staphylococcus?

<p>Gram-positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a fungal infection of the skin?

<p>Dermatophytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a systemic mycosis?

<p>Histoplasmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an opportunistic fungal pathogen?

<p>Candida albicans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a poisonous substance produced by a fungus?

<p>Mycotoxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a genus of fungi that produces aflatoxins?

<p>Aspergillus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease in horses caused by Fusarium moniliforme?

<p>Moldy corn poisoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of hyphae?

<p>Mycelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fungal filaments called?

<p>Hyphae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are unicellular fungi called?

<p>Yeasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of yeast?

<p>Reproduction by budding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungi that can grow as both yeast and mold are called:

<p>Dimorphic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the asexual spores produced within a sac?

<p>Sporangiospores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Endomcrionts group?

<p>Oomycetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microsporidia are:

<p>Obligate intracellular parasites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microsporidia were previously thought to be:

<p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of microsporidia?

<p>Spore-forming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microsporidia primarily infect:

<p>Arthropods and fish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistant infectious stage of microsporidia?

<p>Spores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of microsporidia?

<p>Free-living (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nosema apis infects:

<p>Honeybees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about microsporidia is correct?

<p>They can be used as biocontrol agents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by Pythium insidiosum?

<p>Pythiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism is Pythium insidiosum?

<p>Fungus-like organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dogs typically get infected with Pythium insidiosum?

<p>Ingesting or swimming in contaminated water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common manifestation of Pythiosis in dogs?

<p>Gastrointestinal or cutaneous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the use of a fungus to control pests?

<p>Biocontrol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of the fungal cell wall?

<p>Chitin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of saprophytic fungi in the environment?

<p>Decomposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a unicellular form of fungus?

<p>Yeast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mass of hyphae?

<p>Mycelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main sterol found in the fungal cell membrane?

<p>Ergosterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Mycology?

The study of fungi.

What does fungal cell walls contain?

Chitin is a polysaccharide that provides rigidity and structure.

What is the role of saprophytic fungi?

The breakdown of organic matter.

What is a mycotoxin?

A poisonous substance produced by fungi.

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What are hyphae?

Filamentous structures that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

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What are dimorphic fungi?

Fungi exhibiting both yeast and mold phases.

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What is Pythiosis?

A fungal disease in animals, especially in dogs, caused by Pythium insidiosum.

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What is Mycelium?

The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching hyphae.

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What are yeasts?

A unicellular form of fungus.

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What is Biocontrol?

The use of fungus to control pests.

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What is Ergosterol?

The main sterol found in the fungal cell membrane.

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What is Aspergillus?

A genus of fungi that produces aflatoxins.

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What is Dermatophytosis?

A fungal infection of the skin.

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What is Pythium insidiosum?

A fungus-like organism.

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What are Microsporidia?

Obligate intracellular parasites.

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Infectious stage of microsporidia

Spores function as infectious stage.

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Study Notes

  • Mycology is the study of fungi.

Characteristics of Fungi

  • Fungi contain a nucleus.
  • Fungal cell walls typically contain chitin.

Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Fungi

  • Food Spoilage is NOT a beneficial effect of fungi
  • Nutrient recycling is beneficial
  • Antibiotic production is a beneficial effect
  • Alcohol production is beneficial

Fungal Diseases and Entry

  • Mycosis describes a fungal disease.
  • Fungi can enter the body through the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract.

Ringworm

  • Ringworm is caused by dermatophytes.

Dermatophytes

  • Candida is not a dermatophyte.

Staphylococcus

  • Gram-positive is a characteristic.

Fungal Infections of the Skin

  • Dermatophytosis describes a fungal skin infection.

Systemic Mycosis

  • Histoplasmosis is an example of a systemic mycosis.

Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen

  • Candida albicans is an example.

Fungi and Poisons

  • Mycotoxin is the term for a poisonous substance produced by a fungus.

Aflatoxins

  • Aspergillus is a fungi genus that produces aflatoxins.

Fusarium moniliforme

  • Moldy corn poisoning is a disease in horses caused by Fusarium moniliforme.

Fungal Structures

  • Thallus is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of hyphae.
  • Hyphae refers to fungal filaments.

Unicellular Fungi

  • Yeasts are unicellular fungi.

Yeast Characteristics

  • Reproduction by budding is a characteristic.

Dimorphic Fungi

  • Dimorphic fungi can grow as both yeast and mold.

Asexual Spores

  • Sporangiospores are asexual spores produced within a sac.

Endomcrionts

  • Oomycetes are not part of the Endomcrionts group.

Microsporidia

  • Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites.

Microsporidia Classification

  • Microsporidia were previously thought to be fungi.

Key Features of Microsporidia

  • Spore-forming is a key feature.

Microsporidia Infections

  • Microsporidia primarily infect arthropods and fish.

Resistant Stage of Microsporidia

  • Spores are the resistant infectious stage.

Microsporidia Characteristics

  • Being free-living is NOT a characteristic.

Nosema apis

  • Nosema apis infects honeybees.

Microsporidia

  • Microsporidia can be used as biocontrol agents.

Pythium insidiosum Disease

  • Pythiosis is a disease caused by Pythium insidiosum.

Pythium insidiosum Organism Type

  • Pythium insidiosum is a fungus-like organism.

Pythium insidiosum Infection in Dogs

  • Dogs typically get infected via ingesting or swimming in contaminated water.

Pythiosis Manifestation in Dogs

  • Gastrointestinal or cutaneous issues are common manifestations of Pythiosis.

Fungi and Pest Control

  • Biocontrol refers to the use of a fungus to control pests.

Fungal Cell Walls

  • Chitin is a key component.

Saprophytic Fungi

  • Decomposition is the primary role of saprophytic fungi in the environment.

Unicellular Fungi Forms

  • Yeast is a unicellular form.

Hyphae

  • Mycelium is the term for a mass of hyphae.

Fungal Cell Membrane Sterols

  • Ergosterol is the main sterol.

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