CH 2: Momentum
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Questions and Answers

What does the symbol ⃗p represent in physics?

  • Acceleration of an object
  • Velocity of an object
  • Momentum of an object (correct)
  • Mass of an object

Which quantity is momentum dependent on?

  • Temperature and pressure
  • Density and volume
  • Mass and velocity (correct)
  • Time and distance

What type of quantity is momentum?

  • Negative
  • Vector (correct)
  • Scalar
  • Complex

If a truck moves at the same speed as a car but has greater mass, what can be said about their momenta?

<p>Truck's momentum is greater than the car's (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula can be used to calculate the momentum of an object?

<p>$\vec{p} = m \times v$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which units is momentum typically measured?

<p>$kg \cdot m/s$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does linear momentum refer to?

<p>Momentum of objects moving in a straight line. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1000 kg moving east at 20 m/s?

<p>$20,000$ kg·m/s east (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a ball with a mass of 0.5 kg is thrown west at 10 m/s, what is its momentum?

<p>$5$ kg·m/s west (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in momentum ($\Delta \vec{p}$) defined as?

<p>$\Delta \vec{p} = \vec{p}<em>{final} - \vec{p}</em>{initial}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about vector diagrams and momentum is correct?

<p>The change in momentum is represented by a vector connecting the tips of the initial and final momentum vectors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impulse ($\vec{J}$) defined as?

<p>$\vec{J} = \vec{F} \Delta t$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of conservation of momentum, what happens to the total momentum in a closed system with no external net forces?

<p>The total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of momentum discussed in the text?

<p>Determining the trajectory of planetary motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between impulse and change in momentum?

<p>Impulse is equal to the change in momentum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about momentum is NOT true?

<p>Momentum is always conserved in a closed system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding momentum in physics?

<p>It helps analyze and predict the outcomes of various physical situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the momentum of a ball of mass 0.5 kg thrown east at 10 m/s?

<p>5 kg·m/s west (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the impulse-momentum theorem?

<p>Impulse is the product of force and time, resulting in a change in momentum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a vector diagram showing momentum changes, which vector represents the change in momentum?

<p>A vector connecting the tips of the initial and final momentum vectors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are vector diagrams useful in illustrating momentum changes?

<p>To simplify complex calculations involving momentum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of conservation of momentum state about the total momentum in a closed system?

<p>The total momentum remains constant before and after an event. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is impulse related to a force applied over a time interval in terms of momentum?

<p>Impulse results in a change in an object's momentum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect determines the magnitude and direction of a momentum change in a vector diagram?

<p>The vector drawn connecting initial and final momenta. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical quantity is directly proportional to an object's momentum?

<p>$\vec{F}$ (Force) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a truck and a car have equal masses but different velocities, which would have greater momentum?

<p>Impossible to determine without specific values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the impulse-momentum theorem describe about the relationship between force and change in momentum?

<p>Force acts over time to produce a change in an object's momentum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object's mass is doubled and its velocity remains the same, how does its momentum change?

<p>The momentum is also doubled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net momentum of two objects with equal masses moving in opposite directions at the same speed?

<p>The net momentum is zero (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a car of mass 1500 kg is traveling east at 25 m/s and a truck of mass 3000 kg is traveling west at 15 m/s, what is the direction of their net momentum?

<p>East (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the velocity of an object is tripled while its mass remains constant, how does its momentum change?

<p>The momentum is also tripled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object's momentum is zero, what can be concluded about its motion?

<p>The object could be at rest or moving with constant velocity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a perfectly elastic collision between two objects, what happens to the total momentum of the system?

<p>The total momentum is conserved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a baseball of mass 0.145 kg is pitched at a velocity of 40 m/s, what is its approximate momentum?

<p>2.9 kg·m/s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a ball is thrown straight up in the air, what happens to its momentum at the highest point of its trajectory?

<p>The momentum becomes zero (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about momentum is true?

<p>Momentum is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system, if the net external force acting on the system is zero, what can be said about the total momentum of the system?

<p>The total momentum of the system is conserved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When representing momentum changes using vector diagrams, how is the change in momentum typically illustrated?

<p>A vector connecting the tips of the initial and final momentum vectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system, what does the conservation of momentum principle state about total momentum after an event like a collision?

<p>It remains constant if no external net forces act on the system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical concept describes the change in an object's momentum resulting from a force applied over a time interval?

<p>Impulse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of conservation of momentum predict about the total momentum in a closed system?

<p>It remains constant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a vector diagram showing momentum changes, which vector would represent the final momentum of an object?

<p>A vector pointing in the direction of motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between force and change in momentum as described by the impulse-momentum theorem?

<p>Force is proportional to change in momentum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In understanding vehicle collisions, sports activities, and physical scenarios, what crucial concept plays a significant role?

<p>Momentum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two objects have equal masses but are moving in opposite directions at different speeds, which object would have greater momentum?

<p>The object moving faster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect determines both the magnitude and direction of a momentum change illustrated on a vector diagram?

<p>The duration of time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a ball is thrown west at 10 m/s with a mass of 0.5 kg, what is its approximate change in momentum according to the provided information?

<p>5 kg·m/s west (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object's mass is tripled and its velocity is doubled, what is the change in its momentum?

<p>The momentum is sextupled (increased by a factor of 6) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a perfectly inelastic collision between two objects, what happens to their momenta after the collision?

<p>The total momentum is conserved, but the individual momenta may change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a ball of mass $m$ is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity $v_0$, what is its momentum at the highest point of its trajectory?

<p>Zero (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system, if an external force acts on an object for a certain time interval, what can be said about the change in the system's total momentum?

<p>The change in total momentum is equal to the impulse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object of mass $m$ is moving with a velocity $v_1$ and collides with another object of mass $2m$ initially at rest, what is the final velocity of the combined system after a perfectly inelastic collision?

<p>$\frac{2v_1}{3}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two objects of masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ are moving in opposite directions with velocities $v_1$ and $v_2$, respectively. If their momenta are equal in magnitude, what is the ratio of their masses?

<p>$\frac{m_1}{m_2} = \frac{v_1}{v_2}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a perfectly elastic collision between two objects, what can be said about their kinetic energies before and after the collision?

<p>The total kinetic energy is conserved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object of mass $m$ is moving with a velocity $v$ and experiences a constant force $F$ acting in the opposite direction for a time interval $t$, what is the final velocity of the object?

<p>$v - \frac{Ft}{m}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a two-dimensional collision between two objects, what can be said about the conservation of momentum in the x and y directions?

<p>Momentum is conserved in both the x and y directions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object of mass $m$ is moving with a velocity $v$ and collides with a stationary object of mass $2m$, what is the final velocity of the combined system after a perfectly elastic collision?

<p>$\frac{2v}{3}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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