CH 2: Momentum

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What does the symbol ⃗p represent in physics?

Acceleration of an object

Velocity of an object

Momentum of an object (correct)

Mass of an object

Which quantity is momentum dependent on?

Temperature and pressure

Density and volume

Mass and velocity (correct)

Time and distance

What type of quantity is momentum?

Negative

Vector (correct)

Scalar

Complex

If a truck moves at the same speed as a car but has greater mass, what can be said about their momenta?

Truck's momentum is greater than the car's Signup and view all the answers

Which formula can be used to calculate the momentum of an object?

$\vec{p} = m \times v$ Signup and view all the answers

In which units is momentum typically measured?

$kg \cdot m/s$ Signup and view all the answers

What does linear momentum refer to?

Momentum of objects moving in a straight line. Signup and view all the answers

What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1000 kg moving east at 20 m/s?

$20,000$ kg·m/s east Signup and view all the answers

If a ball with a mass of 0.5 kg is thrown west at 10 m/s, what is its momentum?

$5$ kg·m/s west Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in momentum ($\Delta \vec{p}$) defined as?

$\Delta \vec{p} = \vec{p}{final} - \vec{p}{initial}$ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about vector diagrams and momentum is correct?

The change in momentum is represented by a vector connecting the tips of the initial and final momentum vectors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impulse ($\vec{J}$) defined as?

$\vec{J} = \vec{F} \Delta t$ Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of conservation of momentum, what happens to the total momentum in a closed system with no external net forces?

The total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of momentum discussed in the text?

Determining the trajectory of planetary motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between impulse and change in momentum?

Impulse is equal to the change in momentum. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about momentum is NOT true?

Momentum is always conserved in a closed system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding momentum in physics?

It helps analyze and predict the outcomes of various physical situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the momentum of a ball of mass 0.5 kg thrown east at 10 m/s?

5 kg·m/s west Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the impulse-momentum theorem?

Impulse is the product of force and time, resulting in a change in momentum. Signup and view all the answers

In a vector diagram showing momentum changes, which vector represents the change in momentum?

A vector connecting the tips of the initial and final momentum vectors. Signup and view all the answers

Why are vector diagrams useful in illustrating momentum changes?

To simplify complex calculations involving momentum. Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of conservation of momentum state about the total momentum in a closed system?

The total momentum remains constant before and after an event. Signup and view all the answers

How is impulse related to a force applied over a time interval in terms of momentum?

Impulse results in a change in an object's momentum. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect determines the magnitude and direction of a momentum change in a vector diagram?

The vector drawn connecting initial and final momenta. Signup and view all the answers

Which physical quantity is directly proportional to an object's momentum?

$\vec{F}$ (Force) Signup and view all the answers

If a truck and a car have equal masses but different velocities, which would have greater momentum?

Impossible to determine without specific values Signup and view all the answers

What does the impulse-momentum theorem describe about the relationship between force and change in momentum?

Force acts over time to produce a change in an object's momentum Signup and view all the answers

If an object's mass is doubled and its velocity remains the same, how does its momentum change?

The momentum is also doubled Signup and view all the answers

What is the net momentum of two objects with equal masses moving in opposite directions at the same speed?

The net momentum is zero Signup and view all the answers

If a car of mass 1500 kg is traveling east at 25 m/s and a truck of mass 3000 kg is traveling west at 15 m/s, what is the direction of their net momentum?

East Signup and view all the answers

If the velocity of an object is tripled while its mass remains constant, how does its momentum change?

The momentum is also tripled Signup and view all the answers

If an object's momentum is zero, what can be concluded about its motion?

The object could be at rest or moving with constant velocity Signup and view all the answers

In a perfectly elastic collision between two objects, what happens to the total momentum of the system?

The total momentum is conserved Signup and view all the answers

If a baseball of mass 0.145 kg is pitched at a velocity of 40 m/s, what is its approximate momentum?

2.9 kg·m/s Signup and view all the answers

If a ball is thrown straight up in the air, what happens to its momentum at the highest point of its trajectory?

The momentum becomes zero Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about momentum is true?

Momentum is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system, if the net external force acting on the system is zero, what can be said about the total momentum of the system?

The total momentum of the system is conserved Signup and view all the answers

When representing momentum changes using vector diagrams, how is the change in momentum typically illustrated?

A vector connecting the tips of the initial and final momentum vectors Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system, what does the conservation of momentum principle state about total momentum after an event like a collision?

It remains constant if no external net forces act on the system Signup and view all the answers

Which physical concept describes the change in an object's momentum resulting from a force applied over a time interval?

Impulse Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of conservation of momentum predict about the total momentum in a closed system?

It remains constant Signup and view all the answers

In a vector diagram showing momentum changes, which vector would represent the final momentum of an object?

A vector pointing in the direction of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between force and change in momentum as described by the impulse-momentum theorem?

Force is proportional to change in momentum Signup and view all the answers

In understanding vehicle collisions, sports activities, and physical scenarios, what crucial concept plays a significant role?

Momentum Signup and view all the answers

If two objects have equal masses but are moving in opposite directions at different speeds, which object would have greater momentum?

The object moving faster Signup and view all the answers

What aspect determines both the magnitude and direction of a momentum change illustrated on a vector diagram?

The duration of time Signup and view all the answers

If a ball is thrown west at 10 m/s with a mass of 0.5 kg, what is its approximate change in momentum according to the provided information?

5 kg·m/s west Signup and view all the answers

If an object's mass is tripled and its velocity is doubled, what is the change in its momentum?

The momentum is sextupled (increased by a factor of 6) Signup and view all the answers

In a perfectly inelastic collision between two objects, what happens to their momenta after the collision?

The total momentum is conserved, but the individual momenta may change Signup and view all the answers

If a ball of mass $m$ is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity $v_0$, what is its momentum at the highest point of its trajectory?

Zero Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system, if an external force acts on an object for a certain time interval, what can be said about the change in the system's total momentum?

The change in total momentum is equal to the impulse Signup and view all the answers

If an object of mass $m$ is moving with a velocity $v_1$ and collides with another object of mass $2m$ initially at rest, what is the final velocity of the combined system after a perfectly inelastic collision?

$\frac{2v_1}{3}$ Signup and view all the answers

Two objects of masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ are moving in opposite directions with velocities $v_1$ and $v_2$, respectively. If their momenta are equal in magnitude, what is the ratio of their masses?

$\frac{m_1}{m_2} = \frac{v_1}{v_2}$ Signup and view all the answers

In a perfectly elastic collision between two objects, what can be said about their kinetic energies before and after the collision?

The total kinetic energy is conserved Signup and view all the answers

If an object of mass $m$ is moving with a velocity $v$ and experiences a constant force $F$ acting in the opposite direction for a time interval $t$, what is the final velocity of the object?

$v - \frac{Ft}{m}$ Signup and view all the answers

In a two-dimensional collision between two objects, what can be said about the conservation of momentum in the x and y directions?

Momentum is conserved in both the x and y directions Signup and view all the answers

If an object of mass $m$ is moving with a velocity $v$ and collides with a stationary object of mass $2m$, what is the final velocity of the combined system after a perfectly elastic collision?

$\frac{2v}{3}$ Signup and view all the answers