Introduction to Modern Economics Premises

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main premises upon which modern economics is based?

  • The irrationality of economic agents
  • The equal distribution of income
  • The maximization of social welfare
  • The rationality of economic agents (correct)

How does a perfectly competitive market economy allocate resources according to the text?

  • In a sub-optimal way
  • In a Pareto-inefficient way
  • In an inefficient manner
  • In a Pareto-efficient way (correct)

Why could policy-makers still improve the workings of a market economy even if the two main premises of modern economics were correct?

  • Given that real-world economies are not perfectly competitive (correct)
  • As a result of unequal income distribution in markets
  • Because real-world economies are perfectly competitive
  • Due to the perfectly competitive nature of real-world economies

What does it mean for economic agents to be considered 'rational' in economics?

<p>They maximize expected utility by weighing costs and benefits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recent developments in the neurosciences challenge the assumption of economic agents' rationality?

<p>The violation of logic and probability rules in reasoning procedures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the assumption of economic agents' rationality considered the backbone of economics?

<p>It involves evaluating costs and benefits to maximize expected utility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may explain addictive behavior like smoking and gambling according to the text?

<p>Bounded willpower (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rarely observed in the real world as per Weber's parlance?

<p>Perfect-competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of macroeconomic volatility mentioned in the text?

<p>Financial markets instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In mainstream economics, what does the 'Rationality Principle' boil down to?

<p>Utility-maximization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would a descriptive or explanatory theory of rationality include according to the text?

<p>'Willpower' strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the 'Rationality Principle' in mainstream economics?

<p>'Metaphysical proposition' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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