Introduction to MIS - Lecture 2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

  • To display output to the user, such as text and images.
  • To perform computations and control the tasks of other computer components. (correct)
  • To receive input from external devices like keyboards and mice.
  • To store data and programs permanently.

    • What type of data does the CPU process?

  • Binary data (0s and 1s). (correct)
  • Only text data.
  • Only image data.
  • Only numerical data.

    • What is the purpose of the 'Control Unit' within the CPU?

  • To translate data and instructions into binary form.
  • To direct the flow of data and instructions within the CPU. (correct)
  • To perform arithmetic and logical operations.
  • To store data and instructions temporarily.

    • What is the role of the 'Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)' within the CPU?

    <p>To perform arithmetic and logical operations on data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of translating data and instructions into binary form called?

    <p>Encoding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the CPU receive input data?

    <p>Through input devices like keyboards and mice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using microprocessors in CPUs?

    <p>They allow for smaller and more efficient computing devices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a computer hardware?

    <p>Operating System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a '1' represent in binary code?

    <p>Electricity is allowed to flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of primary storage retains its data even when the electricity is turned off?

    <p>ROM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Random Access Memory (RAM)?

    <p>It is a volatile memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is observed in hardware components over time?

    <p>Becoming smaller and cheaper (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of secondary storage?

    <p>Solid State Drive (SSD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of primary storage has the least capacity?

    <p>Registers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of input technologies?

    <p>Enter data and instructions for the computer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a human data-entry device?

    <p>Scanner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily considered as systems software?

    <p>Windows Operating System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of using barcodes in data entry?

    <p>Affords a high degree of accuracy for data entry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of open-source software?

    <p>Linux Operating System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes QR codes from traditional barcodes?

    <p>QR codes are a type of matrix barcode (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between open-source software and proprietary software?

    <p>Open-source software can be modified by anyone, whereas proprietary software cannot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential advantage does open-source software provide in software development?

    <p>Faster development and testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes passive RFID tags?

    <p>They are powered by electromagnetic energy from an RFID reader. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main concerns associated with RFID technology?

    <p>Privacy is a concern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason organizations might engage with open-source software communities?

    <p>To enhance their self-image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does NFC primarily enable communication?

    <p>Through close proximity interaction of devices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which software type requires a license to use and restricts access to its source code?

    <p>Proprietary software (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of NFC technology?

    <p>Providing payment at transportation systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of open-source software?

    <p>Requires payment for a license (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do active RFID tags offer compared to passive tags?

    <p>They have a longer read range. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main benefits associated with proprietary software?

    <p>Dedicated customer support and resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does NFC enhance security?

    <p>Through dynamic encryption during communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Central Processing Unit (CPU)

    The main brain of the computer, performing computations and controlling other components.

    Microprocessor

    A small electronic component, often referred to as a chip, that processes data in a computer.

    Input Technologies

    Devices that allow users to enter data into a computer system, like keyboards or mice.

    Output Technologies

    Devices that output data from a computer, such as monitors or printers.

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    Primary Storage

    The main storage area in a computer, such as RAM, where data is temporarily held for quick access.

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    Secondary Storage

    Storage devices that retain data long-term, such as hard drives or SSDs.

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    ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

    A part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logic operations.

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    Binary Data

    Data represented in two states, typically 0s and 1s, that computers understand.

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    Binary

    A numeral system using 0s and 1s to represent data.

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    Bit

    The smallest unit of data in a computer, represented as a 0 or 1.

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    Registers

    Small, fast storage locations within the CPU for immediate data processing.

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    Cache Memory

    High-speed memory that stores frequently accessed data for faster processing.

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    Random Access Memory (RAM)

    Volatile memory holding data and programs for active processing; loses data when off.

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    Read-Only Memory (ROM)

    Non-volatile memory storing critical instructions permanently, even when off.

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    Barcodes

    Machine-readable codes that represent data for identification.

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    QR Code

    Quick Response code, a two-dimensional barcode containing item information.

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    RFID

    Radio Frequency Identification for automatic data collection using tags.

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    Passive RFID tags

    Inexpensive RFID tags powered by electromagnetic energy from readers.

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    Active RFID tags

    RFID tags that have their own power supply and longer read ranges.

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    NFC

    Near Field Communication, a type of RFID for close-range device communication.

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    Uses of NFC

    Applications of NFC like mobile payments and information exchange.

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    Systems Software

    Software that supports the operation of computer hardware and application programs, primarily the operating system (OS).

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    Application Software

    Programs designed to run on an operating system to perform specific tasks for users.

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    Open Source Software (OSS)

    Software with accessible source code that allows users to study, modify, and distribute it freely.

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    Proprietary Software

    Software whose source code is privately owned and only the owner can modify it, usually requiring a paid license.

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    Examples of Open Source Software

    Notable OSS projects include Apache, Mozilla Firefox, and Linux.

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    Benefits of OSS

    OSS promotes rapid development, innovation, cost savings, and positive public image for organizations.

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    Proprietary Software Characteristics

    Only the owner can inspect or alter the source code; access often requires purchasing a license.

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    Examples of Proprietary Software

    Common proprietary software includes programs from Microsoft, Adobe, and Apple.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to MIS - Lecture 2

    • The midterm exam is scheduled for February 11th.
    • The lecture covers a progression of topics, starting with Introduction to IS, then Hardware, Software, and Telecommunications.

    Computer Hardware

    • Computer hardware is vital for competitive advantage in many industries.
    • Hardware components include: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Primary Storage, Secondary Storage, Input Technologies, Output Technologies, and Communication Technologies.

    Central Processing Unit (CPU)

    • The CPU is the central brain of the computer.
    • It's a microprocessor, composed of millions of microscopic transistors on a chip.
    • Microprocessors are often called 'chips.'
    • The CPU performs computations and controls other components.
    • The CPU's work involves fetching instructions, decoding them, executing them, and storing results.

    Main Components of a CPU

    • The microprocessor contains a control unit, arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), and registers.
    • The control unit fetches and decodes instructions.
    • The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.
    • Registers store data temporarily.

    How the CPU works

    • The CPU receives data and instructions.
    • The input might come from a user or a saved file.
    • The control unit handles and decodes data and instructions within the processor.
    • The ALU processes the data and instructions.
    • Encoding transforms information into programming code.
    • Decoding translates the program code into meaningful data.
    • The CPU operates on binary data (0s and 1s).

    Memory Capacity Hierarchy

    • Units of memory capacity include bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes.
    • Each unit is a multiple of 1024 of the previous.
    • Example storage space sizes: A byte represents a letter or a number; A kilobyte represents a few paragraphs; A megabyte represents a song; A gigabyte can store a movie; A terabytes can store many movies

    Primary Storage (Main Memory)

    • Primary storage temporarily stores data the CPU uses immediately.
    • Types of primary storage:
      • Registers: small amounts of data for immediate use by the CPU.
      • Cache memory: high-speed memory that temporarily stores frequently accessed data.
      • RAM: holds software and data for processing; lost if power is off.
      • ROM: non-volatile memory containing crucial instructions that are retained regardless of power.

    Secondary Storage

    • Secondary storage is for long-term storage of programs and data.
    • Examples:
      • Magnetic tape
      • Magnetic disks
      • Solid State Drives (SSD)
      • Optical Disks (e.g., CD, DVD)
      • Flash memory devices
      • Thumb drives
    • Hardware components are becoming smaller, faster, cheaper, and more powerful over time.
    • This rapid development makes predicting upgrade needs challenging.

    Primary vs Secondary Storage

    • Primary memory (RAM, cache) is faster but smaller, storing frequently used items.
    • Secondary storage (disks, SSDs) is slower but larger, storing less frequently used or permanent information.

    Input and Output Technologies

    • Input technologies: devices that enter data into the computer.
    • Output technologies: devices that present data/information to the user.
    • Examples of input technologies: Keyboard, mouse, joystick, touchscreen, stylus, voice recognition.
    • Examples of output technologies: Printer, monitor, voice, projector, speakers

    Source Data Automation Devices

    • Input devices that automatically capture data in the correct format for processing:
      • Barcodes
      • QR Codes
      • RFID
      • NFC

    QR Code

    • A QR code is a two-dimensional barcode that contains information about the item it is attached to.

    • It is easily identifiable with its nested squares

    RFID

    • RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) uses tags with chips and antennas to automatically collect data.
    • Tags are:
      • Passive: inexpensive and small, powered by energy from the reader.
      • Active: more reliable with larger ranges; have their own power supply.
    • Used in retail stores (e.g., Walmart).

    NFC

    • NFC (Near Field Communication) is a subset of RFID enabling close-range communication between devices.
    • Used for:
      • Payments on transportation systems
      • Information exchange
      • Coupon receiving
      • Business card exchange

    Output Technologies

    • Output technologies display information for user understanding.
    • Examples: Monitors, printers, voice, and projectors .

    Computer Software

    • Systems software is an intermediary between hardware and applications.
    • Application software operates on systems software.

    Types of Software

    • Two main types:

      • Systems software (e.g., operating system like Windows, Linux).
      • Application software (e.g., MS Excel, Web Browsers, etc.)

    • Proprietary Software: The source code is not available to the public. Users have to pay to use it. Microsoft products, Adobe, Apple products are examples.

    • Open Source Software: The source code is available and freely used or modified by anyone. Examples include Apache software, the Linux operating system, Firefox browser.

    AI Today

    • Nvidia unveiled a comprehensive plan for AI agents at CES 2025, positioning AI agents as a potentially multi-trillion dollar market.

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    MSCI 2130: Introduction to MIS Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from Lecture 2 of the Introduction to Management Information Systems course. It explores the essential components of computer hardware, particularly focusing on the Central Processing Unit (CPU), its functions, and its role in computational processes.

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