أسئلة الأولى ميكرو دمياط (قبل التعديل)

The study of microscopic living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.

Living organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope.

The branch of microbiology that focuses on microbes causing infections in humans.

Cells that lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, like bacteria.

Cells that have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, like human cells.

The source or location where infectious microbes live and multiply.

A person who harbors an infectious microbe but shows no symptoms of the disease.

The ways in which infectious microbes spread from one person to another.

The process by which a microbe is transferred from a source to a host, such as through bites, contaminated objects, or bodily fluids.

Transfer of a microbe directly from one person to another through physical contact, including kissing, touching, or sexual contact.

Transfer of a microbe through an intermediary, such as contaminated surfaces, objects, or food.

Factors related to the host or the pathogen that influence whether or not an infection leads to disease.

Characteristics of the individual that can increase or decrease susceptibility to infection, including age, immune status, and underlying conditions.

Characteristics of the microbe that determine its ability to cause disease, including the dose of infection, route of entry, co-infection, and virulence.

Characteristics or components of a pathogen that contribute to its ability to cause disease, like toxins, invasiveness, and immune evasion.

The minimum number of pathogens required to cause disease in a susceptible host.

The specific type of microbe responsible for causing COVID-19 disease. This is a virus, a type of microbe that requires a host cell to reproduce.

The individual or object from which the infection originally spread. In this case, it's the grandfather who first contracted COVID-19 and spread it to his family.

The ways in which an infectious microbe travels from one person to another. This can include direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated surfaces.

A carrier is a person who harbors an infectious microbe but doesn't show symptoms. A case is a person who has the disease and shows symptoms. Mohamed was a carrier because he was not ill but spread the virus to Omar.

There are different types of carriers, including asymptomatic carriers (no symptoms) and incubatory carriers (infected but haven't shown symptoms yet). Mohamed was an incubatory carrier because he was infected but didn't feel sick yet.

Taking steps to stop the spread of the virus in the community, like wearing masks, washing hands frequently, maintaining physical distance, and getting vaccinated.

Human cells are eukaryotic, meaning they have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic, meaning they lack a nucleus and have simpler structures.

Understanding these differences is crucial for medicine because it allows us to develop drugs that specifically target bacterial cells, leaving human cells unharmed.

The origin of the infection can be either living (like humans or animals) or nonliving (like contaminated surfaces).

Human sources can be patients (showing symptoms) or carriers (infected but asymptomatic). Non-human sources include animals, birds, or insects.

Microscopic living organisms too small to be seen without a microscope.

Microbial infections can cause diseases and are studied to develop treatments and prevent infections.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, like bacteria. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles, like human cells.

The source or location where infectious microbes live and multiply.

A person who carries an infectious microbe but doesn't show symptoms.

Microbes can spread through contact, droplets, contaminated objects, or vectors like insects.

A clear and recognizable case of the disease where symptoms are present.

A less typical case of the disease where symptoms are mild or different from usual.

The virus responsible for causing COVID-19 disease.

The person or thing that initially transmits the infection.

Someone infected, but not showing symptoms yet.

The origin of infection can be living (humans, animals) or nonliving (surfaces).