Introduction to Medical Parasitology

<p>Obligatory parasite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They only visit the host for nutrients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry the parasite from one host to another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opportunistic parasite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helminthology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intradermal skin tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile ducts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trematoda (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flattened and leaf-like shape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They shed their tail and encyst. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metacercaria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stool examination for eggs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ovoid, thin-shelled, and bile stained (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herbivorous animals like sheep and cattle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence in the lungs and subcutaneous tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate host for larvae development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triclabendazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor neurocognitive maturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tropical and subtropical countries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can indicate a parasitic infection during the migratory stage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zoonosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sexual contact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxoplasma gondii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By contaminated hands or reverse peristalsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission via contaminated air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larval forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female anopheles mosquito (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 g/day for 3 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pirenella conica snail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encysted metacercaria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing fish consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a thick double-walled shell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating raw or undercooked fish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pear-shaped body with multiple suckers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parasites that can be transmitted from infected animals to humans.

Infection spread through contaminated soil containing parasite eggs.

Infection spread through contaminated water containing parasite stages.

Infection spread by ingesting food, water, or vegetables contaminated with parasite stages.

Infection spread by larval forms of parasites penetrating the skin.

Infection spread through sexual contact.

Infection spread from mother to fetus.

Infection spread through blood transfusions. Some parasitic infections can be transmitted through blood or blood products.

The study of organisms that infect humans and cause diseases.

An organism that lives in or on another organism (host) and gets its nutrients from the host.

The host that harbors the mature stage of the parasite.

The host that harbors the immature stage of the parasite.

An arthropod that carries a parasite from one host to another.

Parasites that live on the surface of the host.

Parasites that live within the body of the host.

Parasites that can cause disease only in individuals with weakened immune systems.

The stage in the life cycle of a fluke where it is released from the snail and infects the definitive host.

The metacercariae encyst on aquatic vegetation and are ingested by the definitive host.

The juvenile flukes penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate through the abdominal cavity to reach the liver.

Characterized by prolonged fever, abdominal pain, and weight loss.

Characterized by biliary obstruction symptoms, including jaundice and pain in the upper right abdomen.

A serious complication where flukes migrate to other locations in the body, causing damage.

No definitive test exists, but stool examinations, serological tests, and molecular diagnosis are useful tools for confirming infection.

Biothionol, Triclabendazole, and Nitazoxanide are effective treatments for fascioliasis.

A medical condition caused by infection with Fasciola gigantica or Fasciola hepatica, primarily affecting the liver and bile ducts.

The definitive hosts are herbivorous mammals like sheep, cattle, and goats. Humans can also get infected.

Snails of the species Lymnaea cailliaudi and Lymnaea truncatula act as intermediate hosts for Fasciola.

The adult Fasciola worm is flat and leaf-like, with a distinct anterior cone and shoulders. It has both male and female reproductive organs (hermaphrodite).

This is the egg stage of Fasciola, which is typically yellowish brown and has a thin, operculated shell. It contains immature embryonic cells.

The encysted metacercaria of Fasciola is the infective stage for definitive hosts. It is spherical, with a thick cyst wall.

Adult Fasciola lay eggs in the bile ducts, these eggs pass out in the feces and need to reach water to survive.

The miracidium, a free-swimming larva emerges from the egg and infects the snail.

A type of flatworm that lives in the small intestine of humans and fish-eating animals.

The first intermediate host for Heterophyes heterophyes, a type of snail.

The second intermediate host for Heterophyes heterophyes, a type of fish.

The infective stage of Heterophyes heterophyes, found in the fish.

The stage of the fluke that is released from the egg and infects the first intermediate host (snail).

The disease caused by Heterophyes heterophyes, resulting from infection in the small intestine.

The adult worm of Heterophyes heterophyes, living in the small intestine.

The egg of Heterophyes heterophyes, which is passed through the stool.