Introduction to Marketing Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a functional area of a business?

  • Human Resources
  • Information Technology (correct)
  • Operations
  • Marketing
  • What is the main difference between a customer and a consumer?

  • A customer buys a product, while a consumer uses the product. (correct)
  • A customer is a business, while a consumer is an individual.
  • A customer is always a consumer, but a consumer is not always a customer.
  • There is no difference between a customer and a consumer.
  • According to Kotler, what is the main goal of marketing?

  • To develop new products and services.
  • To create value for customers and build relationships. (correct)
  • To increase sales and profits.
  • To promote brand awareness and loyalty.
  • What is the final step in the new product development process?

    <p>Commercialization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the traditional marketing mix (4Ps)?

    <p>People (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of marketing, according to Kotler & Armstrong?

    <p>To deliver customer satisfaction at a profit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'target market' refer to?

    <p>The specific group of people who are most likely to buy a product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a key element of the marketing mix?

    <p>Price (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Customer Lifetime Value?

    <p>The value of the entire stream of purchases a customer makes over a lifetime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Brand Equity?

    <p>The loyalty and recognition the brand commands in the market (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary purpose of SWOT analysis?

    <p>To assess a company's competitive position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Weaknesses' refer to in SWOT analysis?

    <p>Internal factors that hinder a company's success (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines 'Share of Customer'?

    <p>The proportion of a customer's total spending that a company earns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'Consumer Black Box'?

    <p>The hidden factors that influence buying behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage in the Five Stages of Decision Process?

    <p>Need Recognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role in the buying process is responsible for suggesting a purchase?

    <p>Initiator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a driver of Customer Equity?

    <p>Relationship Equity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Environmental Stimuli include?

    <p>Economic and cultural influences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of Benchmarking?

    <p>To compare business processes to industry standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the 'Choice' stage in the decision process?

    <p>Making a decision on the best alternative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is achieved through the Post-Purchase stage?

    <p>Gauging customer loyalty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the New View of marketing?

    <p>Building customer relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage in the marketing process?

    <p>Conducting Market Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does STP in marketing stand for?

    <p>Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of market segmentation?

    <p>Geographic segmentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept focuses on continuous product improvements?

    <p>Product Concept (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Unique Selling Proposition (USP) provide for a company?

    <p>A competitive advantage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately defines 'demographic segmentation'?

    <p>Segmentation based on age and income levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of marketing as stated in the marketing process?

    <p>Retain and capture customer value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Customer Relationship Management (CRM)?

    <p>To build and maintain profitable customer relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are 'wants' differentiated from 'needs' in marketing?

    <p>Wants are influenced by culture and individual personality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'marketing myopia'?

    <p>Ignoring underlying consumer needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'convenience goods' characterized by?

    <p>Frequent and inexpensive purchases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of the marketing management orientation?

    <p>Understanding customer needs and providing value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a stage in preparing an integrated marketing program?

    <p>Delivering intended value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Purpose of Marketing

    Marketing helps to appreciate a product's purpose and value.

    Customer vs Consumer

    A customer buys a product; a consumer uses it.

    Functions of Management

    Planning, organizing, staffing, leading, controlling are key functions of management.

    Four Ps of Marketing

    Product, Price, Place, Promotion form the core of marketing strategy.

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    Marketing Mix

    Includes Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, Physical evidence.

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    Generational Cohorts

    Groups of people sharing similar experiences in a certain time period.

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    New Product Development Process

    Steps: Idea generation, screening, evaluation, development, commercialization.

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    Value Creation

    Marketing builds customer relationships by creating value and satisfaction.

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    Old View of Marketing

    Focuses on Telling and Selling techniques.

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    New View of Marketing

    Focuses on building Customer Relationships.

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    Marketing Process

    Steps to create value and maintain customer relationships.

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    Strategic 3C’s of Marketing

    Consists of Customers, Competition, Company for decision-making.

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    USP (Unique Selling Proposition)

    Unique advantage of a product that distinguishes it from competitors.

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    STP (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning)

    Framework for selecting and serving market segments.

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    Segmenting

    Dividing the market based on shared characteristics.

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    Value Proposition

    Benefits a company promises to deliver to customers.

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    Market Offerings

    Combination of products, services, or experiences to satisfy needs.

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    Marketing Myopia

    Focusing only on existing wants and neglecting needs.

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    Demographic Segmentation

    Divides market by variables like age, gender, and income.

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    Psychographic Segmentation

    Divides market based on social classes and lifestyles.

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    Consumer Product Classifications

    Categorizes goods into convenience, shopping, specialty, and unsought.

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    Integrated Marketing Program

    Comprehensive plan for communicating value to customers.

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    Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

    Building and maintaining profitable customer relationships.

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    Customer Perceived Value

    The difference between total customer value and total customer cost relative to competing offers.

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    Customer Satisfaction

    The extent to which a product’s perceived performance meets a buyer's expectations.

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    Customer Lifetime Value

    The total value of a customer's stream of purchases over a lifetime.

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    Share of Customer

    The portion of a customer's purchases in a company’s product categories.

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    Customer Equity

    The total combined customer lifetime values of all a company's customers.

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    SWOT Analysis

    A framework for evaluating a company’s competitive position via strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

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    Competitive Advantage

    The strategic advantage one company has over its rivals.

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    Opportunities in SWOT

    Future events that can lead to competitive advantages.

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    Benchmarking

    The process of comparing business processes to industry standards.

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    Consumer Behavior

    The buying behavior of individuals and households for personal consumption.

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    Five Stages of Buying Process

    Stages include need recognition, search, information sources, choice, purchase, and post-purchase.

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    Buyer’s Black Box

    Metaphor for how consumers process stimuli and make decisions.

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    Roles in Buying Process

    Initiator, influencer, decider, gatekeeper, buyer, user.

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    Post-Purchase Evaluation

    Consumers assess product performance against their expectations post-purchase.

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    TOWS Matrix

    A strategic tool for generating and comparing strategies based on SWOT analysis.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Marketing

    • Marketing reveals a product's purpose
    • Management functions: planning, organizing, staffing, leading, controlling
    • Business functional areas: operations, HR, accounting, finance, marketing
    • Market encompasses target market (potential buyers)
    • Customer buys; consumer consumes
    • Generational cohorts share similar experiences
    • Markets are potential and actual buyers
    • Marketing is the process of creating value for customers
    • Kotler's definition: creating customer value, strong relationships, and capturing value back
    • Walton's definition: right product, price, place, and promotion
    • Marketing mix (4Ps): product, price, place, promotion, process, physical evidence, people
    • Marketing is moving goods/services from concept to customer
    • New product development process: idea generation, screening, evaluation, development, commercialization
    • Marketing is beyond advertising & selling; customer satisfaction & profitability are key
    • Two marketing perspectives: storytelling/selling, and customer relationships
    • Marketing process: understand needs, design strategy, create value, build relationships, capture value
    • Strategic 3Cs: customers, competition, company
    • USP (Unique Selling Proposition): competitive advantage, differentiating benefit
    • Demand: purchasing power
    • Marketing and Exchange: company sells goods to customers
    • Marketing System: supplier → company/competitors → intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers) → consumers
    • Marketing Management: choosing target markets, building profitable relationships
    • STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning)
    • Selecting Customers: segmentation and targeting
    • Segmentation: demographic (age, gender), geographic (location), psychographic (AOI), behavioral (frequency)
    • Value Proposition: benefits/values to satisfy needs and uniquely solve problems
    • Examples of value propositions: Nike's accessibility, innovation, customization, and status

    The Marketing Process

    • Marketing: creating customer value and building strong relationships to capture value
    • Marketing framework stages:
      • Stage 1: Understanding markets & customer needs & wants (VUCA)
      • Macroenvironment: PESTLE (political, economic, social, technological, legal, environmental)
      • Microenvironment: Internal factors
      • Needs: states of deprivation; Wants: culturally shaped desires; Demands: wants backed by buying power
      • Market offerings (product, service, information, experiences) satisfy needs/wants
      • Marketing Myopia: focusing on current wants, ignoring underlying needs and wants.
      • Stage 2: Designing a customer-driven strategy
        • Segmenting: dividing market into groups with similar needs/wants
        • Targeting: evaluating segment attractiveness, selecting segments
        • Positioning: defining product in consumers' minds based on attributes
        • Segmentation methods: demographic, geographic, psychographic, behavioral
        • Marketing Orientations: Production, Product, Selling, Marketing, Societal
      • Stage 3: Preparing an integrated plan and program
        • Integrated marketing program: communicating & delivering value to chosen customers.
      • Stage 4: Building customer relationships
        • CRM (Customer Relationship Management): building/maintaining profitable relationships
        • Customer Perceived Value: difference between total customer value and cost
        • Customer Satisfaction: perceived product performance matching expectations
      • Stage 5: Capturing value from customers
        • Customer Lifetime Value (CLTV): total purchases over customer lifetime
        • Share of Customer: portion of purchases from a company
        • Customer Equity: all customer lifetime values combined; Factors: relationship equity, value equity, brand equity

    SWOT Analysis

    • SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) – evaluate competitiveness and strategic planning
    • SWOT is used for realistic, fact-based, data-driven perspective of a company
    • Strengths: internal resources/capabilities for competitive advantage
    • Weaknesses: internal factors disadvantaging the company; hinder mission/potential
    • Opportunities: external positive events; increase chances for success
    • Threats: external negative events; risk to competition
    • Benchmarking: comparing processes & metrics (best practices)
    • TOWS matrix: strategic analysis for formulating strategies

    Consumer Behavior

    • Consumer behavior: final consumer buying behavior, personal/household consumption
    • Consumer market: all consumers who buy/acquire for personal use
    • Market research on consumer behavior to understand: who buys, how they buy, when/why/where
    • Model of consumer behavior: Environment → Buyer's Black Box → Buyer Response
    • Buyer responses: purchasing preferences, brand loyalty, etc.
    • Consumer Roles in the Buying Process: initiator, influencer, decider, gatekeeper, buyer, user
    • Five stages of the decision process:
      • Need recognition
      • Search
      • Information sources (personal, commercial, public, experiential)
      • Choice
      • Purchase
      • Post-purchase (satisfaction, comparison, evaluation)

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of marketing, including the marketing mix, customer value creation, and the role of management functions in marketing. It delves into definitions from marketing experts and the process of bringing products to customers. Test your understanding of key marketing principles and strategies.

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