Introduction to Literature

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Questions and Answers

In the context of Philippine literary history, how does the concept of 'paglalayag' challenge traditional Western perspectives on historical interpretation?

It presents history as a series of isolated events rather than a continuous, interconnected narrative.
It frames history as a dynamic and fluid process of journeying, experience, and interconnectedness, contrasting with the Western view of journey as an end. (correct)
It prioritizes the collection of empirical data over subjective experiences and cultural narratives.
It emphasizes linear progression towards a defined endpoint, aligning with teleological views of history.

How did the influence of the Spanish syllabary on pre-colonial Philippine oral literatures affect their role in cultural preservation and dissemination?

It facilitated the standardization and widespread distribution of oral narratives, enhancing their cultural impact.
It contributed to the decline and near-extinction of oral literatures by prioritizing written forms, altering the dynamics of cultural transmission and preservation. (correct)
It fostered a seamless integration of indigenous storytelling traditions with European literary forms, enriching both cultures.
It complemented the pre-existing writing systems and ensured that oral traditions remained unaffected

How does the theory of 'lower mythology' contribute to the understanding of complex mythic structures, particularly in the context of mapping early Indo-Germanic tribal mythologies?

It establishes a hierarchical structure within mythic narratives, distinguishing between 'high' and 'low' forms of cultural expression.
It focuses solely on the cosmological aspects of mythology, disregarding the socio-cultural contexts in which myths are embedded.
By classifying beings that lack objective reality but exist in folk traditions, it aids in mapping complex structures and the interpretation of cultural phenomena. (correct)
It provides a framework for identifying universal archetypes across different cultures, simplifying comparative mythological analysis.

What implications arise from the concept that, within the tradition of myths, legends, and folktales, “the message is important” above all else, according to Bozeman's classification?

The symbolic and emotional resonance of the narrative eclipses historical accuracy, highlighting cultural values and collective experiences. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Isagani Cruz's analysis, how should a modern critic approach Philippine literature, considering the context of Ninoy Aquino's assassination?

By examining the historical event as a crucial element for understanding the text's reflection of society and archetypal themes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do the themes in Post-EDSA literary works reflect a shift in cultural and artistic values following the deposition of Marcos as a tyrant?

An exploration of liberal themes related to the individual, gender, sexuality, and social class relations, reflecting a shift towards inclusivity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of E. Arsenio Manuel's identification of ethnoepics, how do these Filipino epics uniquely contribute to the validation and embodiment of cultural values?

By revolving around supernatural events, heroic deeds, embodiment of native customs, ideals, and life-values of the people through oral tradition in verse. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevailing dichotomy during the American Colonial Project in the Philippines, and how did American scholars analyze impacts of Anglo-American literatures?

It revolved around the opposition between the educated elite (Ilustrados) and the common people (taga-bukid), with studies showing colonial mentality strengthened by Anglo-American literature (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of a 'grand scale' in epics influence the narrative's engagement with eternal human problems, such as the conflict between good and evil?

It amplifies the scope and magnitude of the conflict, enabling the exploration of universal themes and the consequences of human actions on a cosmic scale. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Spanish missionary friars influence the religious literature written in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era, and how did this influence relate to the Counter-Reformation?

The friars copied European models, which sought to reinforce Catholic orthodoxy against the challenges of the Protestant Reformation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Literature?

Bodies of text with cultural, artistic, or intellectual significance.

What is Plot?

A story or sequence of events.