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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the word 'literature'?
What is the origin of the word 'literature'?
Which hallmark of literature refers to its ability to inspire and uplift the spirit?
Which hallmark of literature refers to its ability to inspire and uplift the spirit?
What was the writing system used in the pre-colonial Philippines?
What was the writing system used in the pre-colonial Philippines?
Which literary form is known as a short poetic poem in the pre-colonial period?
Which literary form is known as a short poetic poem in the pre-colonial period?
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What is 'Doctrina Christiana' known for?
What is 'Doctrina Christiana' known for?
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Which literary form consists of parodies of religious texts and prayers?
Which literary form consists of parodies of religious texts and prayers?
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What type of literature revolved around the life and death of Jesus Christ during the Spanish period?
What type of literature revolved around the life and death of Jesus Christ during the Spanish period?
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Which term describes educated individuals during the Spanish period in the Philippines?
Which term describes educated individuals during the Spanish period in the Philippines?
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What is the correct syllabic pattern of a Haiku?
What is the correct syllabic pattern of a Haiku?
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Who is known as the 'King of Balagtasan'?
Who is known as the 'King of Balagtasan'?
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Which Filipino author won a Pulitzer Prize in Journalism?
Which Filipino author won a Pulitzer Prize in Journalism?
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What is the main theme of 'Mga Ibong Mandaragit'?
What is the main theme of 'Mga Ibong Mandaragit'?
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Which literary term refers to a comparison using 'like' or 'as'?
Which literary term refers to a comparison using 'like' or 'as'?
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What does the term 'iamb' refer to in poetry?
What does the term 'iamb' refer to in poetry?
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What recognition is given to authors for significant contributions to Philippine literature?
What recognition is given to authors for significant contributions to Philippine literature?
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Which of the following best describes the language style of Edith L. Tiempo?
Which of the following best describes the language style of Edith L. Tiempo?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Literature
- Literature originates from the Latin word "litera," meaning letter.
- Defined as a collection of written works reflecting human experiences.
- Enhances critical thinking and writing skills.
Hallmarks of Literature
- Artistry: Aesthetic appeal revealing hidden truths and beauty.
- Suggestiveness: Uses emotional power for symbolism, nuance, and imagery.
- Intellectual Value: Stimulates critical thinking.
- Spiritual Value: Uplifts the spirit, motivating and inspiring readers; conveys moral lessons.
- Permanence: Ability to withstand the test of time; timeless appeal.
- Universality: Appeals across gender, racial, and cultural barriers.
Philippine Literary Period: Pre-Colonial Period
- Baybayin: The oldest writing system in the Philippines.
- Riddle: Known as "bugtong."
- Proverbs: Known as Salikawain/Sawikain, served as moral codes.
- Tanaga: A short poetic form.
- Lullaby: Referred to as "Hele" or "uyayi."
- Songs of Death: Locally known as "Tagulaylay."
Philippine Literary Period: Spanish Period
- Roman Alphabet: Replaced Baybayin during the Spanish colonial era.
- Doctrina Christiana: The first published book in the Philippines.
- Pasyon: Composed of 5 stanzas, each 8 syllables.
- Senakulo: A religious komedya depicting Christ’s life; examples include "Santacruzan" for secular themes.
- Awit: Poem format with 12 syllables, similar to Pasyon.
- Korido: Generic term for Philippine romances.
- Diariong Tagalog: First bilingual newspaper established by Marcelo H. Del Pilar in 1882.
- Noli Me Tangere: Translated as "Touch Me Not."
- Dasalan at Tocsohan: Parodies of religious texts.
Philippine Literary Period: American and Japanese Period
- Introduction of free public instruction for children; English became the medium of instruction.
- Balagtasan: A form of poetic debate; Jose Corazon de Jesus is the King of Balagtasan.
- Lola Basyang: Pseudonym for Severino Reyes.
- Haiku: Descriptive nature poem with a 7-5-7 syllabic pattern.
- Tanka: Poem with a 7-5-7-7-7 syllabic structure.
- Senryu: Similar to haiku in structure, typically humorous.
Philippine Literary Period: Martial Law and Contemporary Period
- Martial Law: Declared by Ferdinand Marcos Sr. under Presidential Proclamation No. 1081.
- Dekada '70: A novel about martial law by Lualhati Bautista, published in 1983.
Canonical Authors
- National Artist for Literature: The highest recognition for Filipino writers.
- Carlos P. Romulo: First Asian Pulitzer Prize winner for journalism; authored "The Philippine Presidents."
- Jose Garcia Villa: Known for the reversed consonance rhyme scheme and extensive use of commas.
- Francisco Arcellana: Pioneer of the modern Filipino short story in English.
- Nick Joaquin: Pen name "Quijano de Manila."
- Edith L. Tiempo: Characterized by descriptive language.
- Mga Ibong Mandaragit: Addresses societal ills, particularly agrarian issues in the 1950s.
- Virgilio Almario: Authored 12 poetry books.
Literary Texts
- Footnote to Youth: Authored by Jose Garcia Villa.
- How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife: Written by Manuel E. Arguila.
Poetry & Hyperpoetry
- Rhyme: Same ending sound in two or more words.
- Meter: The rhythmic structure of lines in poetry.
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Types of Meter:
- Iamb: US
- Trochee: SU
- Anapest: UUS
- Dactyl: SUU
- Spondee: SS
- Imagery: Includes visual, gustatory, tactile, auditory, and olfactory imagery.
- Simile: Comparison using "as" or "like."
- Metaphor: Application of a word to an object not literally applicable.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of literature, including its origin, definition, and significance. It explores the hallmarks of literature such as artistry and suggestiveness, and highlights its importance in enhancing critical thinking and writing skills.
