10 Questions
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds in their cognitive aspects.
False
Morphology is the study of the formation of sentences.
False
Syntactic analysis involves the study of the meaning of words.
False
In linguistics, a sentence is the smallest unit of syntactic analysis.
False
Clefting is a type of constituency test that involves replacing a verb phrase with a pronoun.
False
Fronting involves turning an active sentence into a passive sentence.
False
A bound morpheme is a type of morpheme that can stand alone as a word.
False
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator.
True
A complex sentence is a sentence that contains only one independent clause.
False
The head of a phrase is an optional constituent.
False
Study Notes
Linguistics
- Study of language and its structure
- Subfields: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics
Grammar
- Consists of morphology and syntax
- Morphology: study of word structure
- Syntax: study of sentence, clause, and phrase structure
Syntactic Analysis
- Division of sentence into main components
- Identification of constituents that make up a sentence
- Study of sentence structure and system
Syntactic Units
- Hierarchy: sentence > clause > phrase > word > morpheme
- Constituents: parts that make up a sentence
Constituency Tests
- Pronominalisation: replacing noun phrase with a pronoun
- Replacement: replacing verb phrase
- Movement: moving constituents without changing sentence meaning
- Clefting/split/gap: dividing sentence into two parts
- Pseudo-clefting/wh-clefts: forming a sentence with "what clause + be + phrase"
- Inverted pseudo-cleft: reversing pseudo-cleft order
- Fronting: moving clause part to front of sentence
- Passivisation: converting active sentence to passive
Morphemes
- Bound (dependent) morpheme: has meaning, attached to a word
- Free (independent) morpheme: minimal unit, can stand alone or add to form a word
Sentence Classification
- Structure: simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
- Function: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative
Sentence Types
- Simple sentence: one conjugated verb, one subject, one predicate
- Compound sentence: one sentence with more than one subject and predicate
- Complex sentence: contains other sentences (clauses) inside
- Compound-complex sentence: combination of coordination and subordination
Coordination and Subordination
- Coordination: equal syntactic value, connected with a coordinator
- Subordination: unequal syntactic value, dependent on another clause
This quiz covers the basics of linguistics, including its subfields such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Understand the different areas of language study and how they help us understand human language.
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