Introduction to Law

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'obligatory' refer to in the context of law?

An optional guideline for behavior

A principle that can be ignored

A suggestion or recommendation

A rule of conduct that must be followed (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a source of law?

Legislation

Customs

Court decisions

Economic theories (correct)

According to the principles outlined, what is the primary purpose of penalties in law?

To reward citizens for compliance

To ensure obedience to laws (correct)

To provide compensation for damages

To intimidate citizens

What is the meaning of 'Salis Populi est Suprema Lex' in the legal context?

The safety of the people is the highest law Signup and view all the answers

Which classification refers to the means and methods of setting courts in motion?

Procedural law Signup and view all the answers

What does the Doctrine of Stare Decisis state?

Decisions from higher courts must be followed by lower courts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a natural law principle?

Moral laws based on reason Signup and view all the answers

What role do judicial decisions play according to Article 8 of the New Civil Code?

They provide interpretations of existing laws Signup and view all the answers

What does physical law govern?

The conduct and movement of non-free and material things Signup and view all the answers

Which law establishes what is right and wrong as dictated by human conscience?

Moral law Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the written will of the legislature?

Statute Signup and view all the answers

What type of statute creates a right and imposes an obligation?

Substantive Statute Signup and view all the answers

Which type of law regulates the community of nations?

International Law Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a public statute?

It affects the public at large or the whole community. Signup and view all the answers

Which statute attempts to correct irregularities in judicial or administrative proceedings?

Curative Statute Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a penal statute?

It imposes punishment for offenses against the state. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of substantive private law?

To declare legal relations between litigants. Signup and view all the answers

Which law fixes the organization and determines the competence of administrative authorities?

Administrative Law Signup and view all the answers

Which statute's non-compliance renders proceedings illegal and void?

Mandatory Statute Signup and view all the answers

What type of law relates to particular persons or things of a class?

Special Law Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of a directory statute?

Non-compliance does not invalidate proceedings. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a remedial or procedural statute?

It provides mechanisms to enforce rights. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to a statute that is expressed in affirmative terms?

Affirmative Statute Signup and view all the answers

Private statutes apply to which of the following?

Specific persons or subjects Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a negative statute?

It is expressed in negative terms. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of statute is designed to clarify or eliminate doubts regarding existing law?

Declaratory Statute Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a permanent statute from a temporary statute?

A permanent statute continues in force until repealed. Signup and view all the answers

A reenacted statute is defined as one that is passed in what manner?

Substantially the same language as a prior one Signup and view all the answers

Which type of statute affects actions that have already occurred before its enactment?

Retroactive Statute Signup and view all the answers

An amendatory statute typically serves which of the following purposes?

To add to or change the original law for improvement. Signup and view all the answers

What is an adopted statute?

A statute that one state borrows from another. Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of statutes is concerned with whether it operates on previous or future actions?

Classification by Effectivity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is Law?

Law is a science of moral laws based on the rational nature of man.
It is a rule of conduct made obligatory by the legitimate power of the state.

Elements of Law

Rule of conduct.
Just.
Obligatory.
Prescribed by legitimate authority.
Ordained for the common benefit.

Classification of Law

Natural Law: Moral, Divine & Physical law.
Positive Law: Public law; includes Constitutional, Administrative, International law and Private law.
Private Law: Substantive; declares legal relations of litigants. Procedural; means and methods of setting the courts in motion.

Sources of Law

Legislation
Precedents/Jurisprudence
Customs
Court Decisions
Article 8 of the New Civil Code: Judicial decisions applying and interpreting the laws or the Constitution form part of the Philippine legal system.
Doctrine of Stare Decisis: Decisions of competent courts on a question of law serve as guides for courts of equal or inferior jurisdiction until overruled by a superior court.

What is a Statute?

The written will of the legislature.
Enacted by the national legislature (national laws) and local legislature (ordinances).

Classification of Statute

Public Statute: Aects the public at large or the whole community.
- General Law: Applies to the whole state.
- Special Law: Applies to particular persons or things.
- Local Law: Con ned to a speci c place or locality.
Private Statute: Applies only to a speci c person or subject.

Classification of Statute: According to Nature

Substantive Statute: Creates a right and imposes an obligation.
Remedial Statute: Provides steps to enforce a right or redress a wrong.
Penal Statute: Imposes punishment for an o ense.

Classification of Statute: According to Application

Mandatory Statute: Non-compliance renders proceedings illegal and void.
Directory Statute: Non-compliance does not invalidate proceedings.
Permissive Statute: Allows certain acts without commanding them.

Classification of Statute: According to Operation

Permanent Statute: Continuous in force until repealed.
Temporary Statute: Duration is limited to a period of time or event.

Classification of Statute: As to E ect to other Statutes

Amendatory Statute: Addition or change to an original law.
Repealing Statute: Abolishes an existing law fully or partially.

Classification of Statute: According to E ectivity

Prospective Statute: Operates on acts/transactions after it takes e ect.
Retroactive Statute: Aects past acts/transactions before it becomes e ective.

Classification of Statute: According to Form

Preceptive Statute: Commands the doing of certain acts.
Curative Statute: Corrects irregularities in judicial or administrative proceedings.
A rmative Statute: Expressed in a rmative terms.
Negative Statute: Expressed in negative terms.
Declaratory Statute: Removes doubt about the meaning of existing law.
Adopted Statute: Borrowed wholly or partly from another state.
Reenacted Statute: Passed in substantially the same language as a prior one.
Reference Statute: Refers to other statutes and makes them applicable to the subject of new legislation.

What Are the PH Statutes Called?

Public Act
Commonwealth Act
Republic Act
Batas Pambansa
Presidential Decree

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of law, including its definition, elements, classifications, and sources. Test your understanding of natural and positive law, as well as the role of legislation and court decisions in the legal system. Perfect for students new to the study of law.