Introduction to Law Chapter 3
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Questions and Answers

According to Aristotle, what is the act of refraining from self-serving gain termed?

  • Injustice
  • Social utility
  • Pleonexia (correct)
  • Equity

    • What is the primary focus of justice according to Bentham?

  • Rights of the individual over the collective.
  • Maximum happiness for the majority. (correct)
  • Destruction of evil in society.
  • Equal treatment of all individuals.

    • What does Plato indicate is necessary for justice in society?

  • Justice should be based solely on societal norms.
  • Wealth distribution is the key to a just society.
  • Individuals must adhere to their specific functions. (correct)
  • Everyone must be treated equally regardless of their function.

    • How does H.L.A. Hart define justice?

    <p>As an impartial resolution of disputes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does Dennis Lloyd associate with justice?

    <p>The application of law without discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Islamic perspective on justice?

    <p>Justice involves placing things in their rightful order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ross emphasize about the application of justice?

    <p>Justice is impartial and avoids any form of bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Curzon imply is a universal desire among people regarding justice?

    <p>Justice should be seen and enacted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a minimum contribution to social life?

    <p>Compliance with legal and moral obligations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a rule of law?

    <p>May have sanctions but lacks organized enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are law, positive morality, and ethics related?

    <p>They are overlapping circles with mutual influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if law lags behind popular standards?

    <p>It may fall into disrepute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the method of expression in law vs. positive morality?

    <p>Rules of law are expressed in technical and precise language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor distinguishing rules of law from positive morality?

    <p>Imposition by the State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is compliance with legal norms essential for members of society?

    <p>It enables members to coexist harmoniously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does law play in relation to moral standards?

    <p>It helps to fix moral standards and adapt them over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may a civil action seek as a remedy?

    <p>Monetary compensation or damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes human rights?

    <p>Basic rights and freedoms entitled to all human beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes human rights from civil liberties?

    <p>Civil liberties do not require international agreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law prohibits practices such as torture and arbitrary detention?

    <p>International human rights law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the United Nations Secretary-General, what is essential for human beings?

    <p>Freedom from want and fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which framework underpins the freedom to live with dignity?

    <p>The framework of international human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following IS NOT a human right according to the content?

    <p>The right to privacy in online communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the laws established by international conventions and treaties meant to protect?

    <p>The basic rights and freedoms of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of morality within a society?

    <p>To provide a framework for acceptable behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the concept of individual morality characterized?

    <p>It centers on personal beliefs and choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the statement from the Prophet (SAW) regarding moral character suggest?

    <p>Moral character is vital for judgment day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a source of morality according to the content?

    <p>Religious texts and teachings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does 'morality and nature' encompass?

    <p>Connections between human beings and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which context is religious morality typically understood?

    <p>Religious teachings on how to embody good beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common emotional response to disobeying moral rules?

    <p>Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can different subgroups within a population influence morality?

    <p>By developing distinct moral attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of justice closely relate to?

    <p>Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does society's perception of cohabitation reflect changes in values?

    <p>It has evolved to be more accepted in certain societies over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures that everyone is entitled to a fair trial in society?

    <p>A set of rules that applies equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'writ of habeas corpus' address?

    <p>The legality of a person's imprisonment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect highlights the fallibility of the legal system?

    <p>The presence of court hierarchy for appeals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common agreement exists regarding the terms associated with justice?

    <p>Fairness and rightness are often accepted as universal concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a court hierarchy play within the legal system?

    <p>It allows for appeals in cases of injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the uniform fine for parking suggest about justice?

    <p>It treats everyone equally under the law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Law and Morality

    • Law and moral values dictate acceptable behaviors in society; their relationship is debated.
    • Morality involves concepts of right and wrong, reflecting acceptable and unacceptable conduct, shaped by psychological and social attributes.
    • Obedience to moral rules fosters feelings of virtue, while disobedience incites guilt.
    • The distinction between law and positive morality is analyzed through various tests:
      • Law is imposed by the state, while positive morality lacks formal sanctions.
      • Legal standards can influence moral standards and vice versa.
    • The definitions of morality vary among subgroups within a population and derive from different sources, including:
      • Religious Morality: Revealed by divine guidance, dictating good behavior.
      • Morality and Nature: Reflecting human relationships with the environment.
      • Individual Morality: Personal choice in determining beliefs about morality.

    Law and Justice

    • Justice is challenging to define, with various philosophical perspectives:
      • Plato: Equates justice with a just society, where each function needs to be performed by individuals.
      • Aristotle: Justice involves refraining from selfish gains at others' expense.
      • Hammurabi: Advocates for justice to prevent the weak from oppression by the strong.
      • Bentham: Defines justice as maximizing happiness for the greatest number.
    • Justice in Islam emphasizes fairness and equal treatment, with significant responsibilities placed on judges to maintain equity.
    • The relationship between law and justice varies in context, often leading to debates over fairness: laws may appear just but can be more burdensome for those less able to pay fines.

    Law and Human Rights

    • Human rights encompass fundamental freedoms entitled to all individuals, including civil, political, economic, and social rights.
    • Distinction exists between human rights (universal protections) and civil liberties (state-specific freedoms).
    • Human rights are defined through international conventions, treaties, and the United Nations and include prohibitions on torture, slavery, and detention without trial.
    • The importance of human rights is highlighted as essential for dignity and respect, enforced through the rule of law.
    • Human rights contribute significantly to a nation’s constitution, safeguarding individuals against state abuses and promoting respect and dignity among populations.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate relationship between law and morality in society. This chapter delves into the concepts of moral values and acceptable behaviors, questioning whether law is a separate entity or inherently linked to the morals of its society. Join the discussion on what constitutes right and wrong conduct in legal contexts.

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