Introduction to Java Programming Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Software is commonly classified into two broad categories: application software and programming software.

False

Syntax errors are relatively easy to locate and correct because the compiler or interpreter you use highlights every error. Which type of error is highlighted by compilers?

  • Process
  • Syntax (correct)
  • Input
  • Logic

    • The "building blocks" that Java programmers use to write computer programs are called:

  • Windows
  • Objects (correct)
  • Entities
  • Internal data

    • In Java, objects within the same class share common ______.

    <p>Behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The access specifier in the declaration of instance variables should be:

    <p>Private</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagram type we are learning to use in UMLet?

    <p>UML Class Diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A method's name and a list of parameter types together are its _______.

    <p>Signature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is incorrect to initialize a string variable with a number.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A short-circuit evaluation is where each part of an expression is evaluated only as far as necessary to determine whether the entire expression is true or false.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of operator is the <= operator?

    <p>Relational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ clause of the decision is the part that executes only when the tested condition in the decision is false.

    <p>Else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Method Call Stack?

    <p>An allocation of memory, used to store methods and their data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Heap?

    <p>An allocation of memory, used to store reference types (objects).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Forgetting to initialize and alter the loop control variable are common mistakes that programmers sometimes make.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error type does the "off-by-one" error belong to?

    <p>Run-time error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To begin tracking changes to the project files, including new .java files, you would right-click and select which of the following sub-menus?

    <p>Team &gt; Add to Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many newer programming languages, such as Java, use the square bracket notation for arrays.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following options is a valid line of code for displaying the twenty-eighth element of some array?

    <p>System.out.println(somearray[27]);</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When memory mapping a variable of primitive type, we place _______ into the box representing the variable.

    <p>the literal value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When you search through a list from one end to the other, you are performing a ______.

    <p>linear search</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an array myArray is only partially filled, how can the programmer keep track of the current number of elements?

    <p>maintain a companion variable that stores the current number of elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the code "Sheep[] sheeps = null;", what would a memory map look like?

    <p>I would write variable sheeps, and draw an adjacent box with null in it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In implementation hiding, the calling method needs to understand only the interface to the method that is called and it need not know how the method works internally.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class category has static methods and constants, but no objects?

    <p>Utility class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should we avoid using static for everything?

    <p>We will only have one copy of the fields in memory, making it impossible to have objects with separate field values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Question 1

    • Software is commonly categorized into application and programming software, but this categorization isn't always strict.
    • Other classifications like system software exist.

    Question 2

    • Syntax errors are easily located because compilers or interpreters highlight them.
    • Syntax errors are structural mistakes in code, like missing semicolons or incorrect syntax.
    • Logic errors, input errors, and process errors are more complex to locate. Logic errors happen during program execution and require debugging, input errors involve invalid data, and process errors occur due to incorrect program behavior or runtime issues.

    Question 3

    • Java programmers use objects to build programs.
    • Objects have specific properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods).

    Question 4

    • Objects in the same class share common behavior (methods), but not necessarily the same state (variables).

    Question 5

    • The private access specifier is best for instance variables to enforce encapsulation.
    • Instance variables should ideally only be accessible within the class; protected and public access allows external access which is less secure.
    • class is not an access specifier.

    Question 6

    • UML Class Diagrams display the structure of a system via classes, attributes, methods, and relationships.

    Question 7

    • A method's signature includes the method's name and parameter types.

    Question 8

    • It's incorrect to initialize a string variable directly with a number. Strings must be initialized with quotes.
    • Variable names can be more than 8 characters long in modern Java.
    • Variable names can be more than a single word, and dollar signs ($), underscores (_), are allowed.
    • Declaring and assigning on the same line is allowed.

    Question 9

    • Short-circuit evaluation only evaluates parts of an expression as much as needed to determine if the whole expression will be true or false.
    • Short-circuiting is correct behavior.

    Question 10

    • The <= comparison operator is considered a relational operator.
    • Relational operators compare two values.
    • Other operator types include ternary, arithmetic and inequality operators.

    Question 11

    • The else clause executes when the if statement's condition is false.
    • if executes when the condition is true.
    • then and endif are not standard Java keywords .

    Question 12

    • The method call stack stores methods and data as they are called. This includes local variables and return addresses.
    • Memory allocation for reference types like objects happen in the heap.
    • Methods push onto the execution stack during runtime.

    Question 13

    • The heap is a memory space that holds reference types like objects.
    • Objects are created in the heap during runtime.
    • The heap manages memory for dynamic allocations.
    • Objects (referenced by variables) stay in the heap until they are no longer needed.

    Question 14

    • [No content in the question]

    Question 15

    • "Off-by-one" errors are a type of runtime error, often associated with loops or array indices that are outside the intended bounds.

    Question 16

    • Using Team > Add to Index in a file explorer or IDE adds the current file (or files) to be tracked by Git.

    Question 17

    • Square bracket notation [] is used for arrays in Java and similar languages.

    Question 18

    • To display the 28th index of an array int[] somearray you must use somearray[27] because arrays use zero-based indexing.

    Question 19

    • When memory mapping a primitive variable (int, double, etc.), the literal value stored in the variable is what gets saved in memory, not a reference.

    Question 20

    • A linear search checks each element in a list sequentially.

    Question 21

    • Maintaining a companion variable tracks the current number of elements in a partially filled array.

    Question 22

    • [No content in the question]

    Question 23

    • Implementation hiding means the internal workings of a method are hidden from the calling method, so the caller only needs to know the method interface.

    Question 24

    • Utility classes contain static methods and constants but lack objects (instances).

    Question 25

    • For avoiding issues like having only one copy of data for all variables in memory, static variables should be avoided, especially in most cases.

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    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental Java programming concepts including software classification, error types, and the use of objects and classes. Understand the distinctions between syntax errors and logic errors and their implications in Java development. Test your knowledge on access specifiers and object-oriented programming principles.

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